WHAT DO YOU USE

WHEN YOU CUT A PAPER?

OPEN A BOTTLE OR SLICE
A PIECE OF FRUIT?
A MACHINES
CEHIMNS
HOW DO DIFFERENT
MATERIALS YOU
USE HELP YOU?
 WHAT IS
MACHINES OR
SIMPLE
MACHINES?
AN APPARATUS USING OR
APPLYING MECHANICAL
POWER AND HAVING
SEVERAL PARTS, EACH
WITH A DEFINITE
FUNCTION AND TOGETHER
PERFORMING A
PARTICULAR TASK.
ANY OF SEVERAL
DEVICES WITH FEW OR
NO MOVING PARTS THAT
ARE USED TO MODIFY 
MOTION AND FORCE IN
ORDER TO PERFORM 
WORK.
TYPES OF
SIMPLE
MACHINES
CDEIILNN AELNP
EELRV
CERSW
ELLPUY
E E H L W AND A E L X
 Simple
Machines
 INCLINED
PLANE
Is a simple machine that has a sloping surface
It lessens the effort exerted in transporting weight over a distance and
height
Is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle with one end higher than
the other
Used in raising and lowering a load
It lessens the effort exerted over a distance and changes the direction –
from a straight up to along the angle of the plane – of the effort
applied
 INCLINED
PLANE
Widely used in form of loading
ramps to load and unload goods,
trucks, and airplanes
Wheelchair ramps
 LEVER
Composed of a straight or bent rigid
bar that is free to turn on the fixed,
movable part known as a fulcrum
Effort

Load
Effort Arm

Resistance Arm
Fulcrum
 LEVER
1. Resistance (R) or load – a force
that is being lifted by the effort
2. Effort (E)- a force that lifts the
resistance
 LEVER
3. Fulcrum (F) – the point on which a
lever rests or is supported and on
which it pivots
4. Resistance Arm (dr) – the distance
of the resistance to the fulcrum
 LEVER
5. Effort Ar (de) – the
distance of effort to the
fulcrum
Classes of
Levers
 FIRST-CLASS
1.
LEVER
The fulcrum is between the
effort and the load or
resistance as in seesaw
(RFE or EFR)
 Examples:
FIRST-CLASS
LEVER

Scissors, seesaw,
pliers, crowbar
 SECOND-CLASS
2.
LEVER
The fulcrum lies at one end, the
effort is applied at the other end, and
the load is in the handle as in a
wheelbarrow. (FRE or ERF)
 SECOND-CLASS
LEVER
Examples:
Can opener, wheelbarrow, nut
cracker
 THIRD-CLASS
LEVER
3. The fulcrum is at one end, but
the load is at the other end, and
the effort is applied in the middle,
as in a human forearm (REF or
FER)
 THIRD-CLASS
LEVER
Examples: tweezers,
spoon, shovel, baseball
bat, rake, oars
 SCREW
a mechanism that converts 
rotational motion to linear motion
, and a torque (rotational force) to
a linear force
 SCREW
is another modified inclined plane
A screw is made when an inclined plane is
used to wrap a cylinder
 the spiral ridges of the screw are referred to
as thread and the distance each thread is
referred to as pitch
thread

pitch
jackscrew
 Is a double inclined plane
that is sharpened to an end

WEDGE
Can be used to separate two
objects or portions of an
object, lift up an object or
hold an object
 WEDGE
Examples of wedges:
Knives, axe, needle, blade,
pins
 PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft
that is designed to support movement and
change of direction of a taut cable or belt,
or transfer of power between the shaft
and cable or belt.
 PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel that carries a flexible
rope, cord, cable, chain, or belt on its rim.
Machines make our work easier by
multiplying the effort exerted.
Efficient machines have
mechanical advantages. Practice
precautionary measures in handling
machines.
MATCH THE ITEMS IN COLUMN A
WITH THE KINDS OF MACHINE THEY
REPRESENT IN LETTER B.
A B
______1. Ramp, Slope a. pulley
______2. Axe, Blade b. inclined plane
______3. Wheelbarrow, bottle opener c. wedge
______4. Bicycle gears, doorknob d. wheel and axle
______5. flagpole e. lever