ETHICS AND VALUES

RIGO C. REAS
TOP 8 CLE JUNE 2018
 CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY (15%)
1. INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY
2. PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
3. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND CRIME
PREVENTION
4. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND CRISIS
MANAGEMENT
5. POLICE ETHICS AND COMMUNITY RELATION
6. CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND
STATISTICS
 ETYMOLOGY OF ETHICS
GREEK= “ETHOS” which means the science of morals
and ancient greek “ETHIKOS” which means arising
from habit

LATIN= “ETHICE”

OLD FRENCH= “ETHIQUE”

ENGLISH=“ETHOS” which means characteristic of a

culture, era or community.
 ETYMOLOGY OF POLICE
POLICE
Greek “POLIS” which means city
And “POLITEIA which means Citizenship and
Government

Roman “POLITIA” which means condition of state or

government

Originally, the word POLICE is a French word

Later, The American borrowed it and used to describe
a person that actually enforces the law
 WHAT IS ETHICS ?

Ethics is the capacity to determine right

conduct and the knowledge of what is
right from wrong. Values, on the other
hand, are the applications of ethics.
Ethics is an indispensable knowledge.
Without ethical perception, man is only
an animal. Without values, man as a
rational being is a failure.
 Three types of Ethics
META-ETHICS:
The study of what ethical truths there are

NORMATIVE-ETHICS:
The study of how ethical truths they are known.

APPLIED-ETHICS:
The study of the use of ethical knowledge
 Six (6) Core Work Values

• Industriousness
• Sense of Responsibility
• Order (Sense of Time)
• Collaboration
• Determination
• Service
 WHAT IS POLICE ETHICS

Refers to a practical science that

treats the principles of human
morality and duty as applied to
law enforcement. It includes
allegiance, honesty, loyalty and
courage.
 Significance of Ethics and
Values in Police Work
It can be said that in our system of criminal justice,
the initial decision makers are the police. In addition
to being the enforcers of the law, they have the power
to define what constitutes lawbreaking. In short,
police officers have a great deal of discretionary
powers. A police officer, in one split second, may act
as prosecutor, judge and executioner. In many day-to-
day decisions, police hold a great deal of decision-
making power over people’s lives, because of their
authority to enforce the law
 Police as Role Models
August Vollmer (recognized as the Father of Police
Professionalism) once said that “The average citizen
expects the police officer to have the wisdom of
Solomon, the courage of David, the strength of
Samson, the patience of Job, the leadership of
Moses, the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln,
the tolerance of the Carpenter of Nazareth, the
kindness of the Good Samaritan, and finally, an
intimate knowledge of every branch of natural,
biological, and social sciences. If he possesses all
these qualities, then, he MIGHT be a good policeman
 What Makes a Police Officer?
James Q. Wilson (1968) wrote, "It is not money,
or organization that defines the policeman's
job, it is the job that defines the policeman”.
In a similar vein, Peter Manning and John van
Maanen observed (1978) "Policing is more
than a job; it is a way of life." In short, what
makes cops different from non-police is the
job itself.
The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and
cooperation in the police organization

A. Loyalty
B. Valor
C. Patriotism
D. Camaraderie
Camaraderie: The binding spirit that enhances
teamwork and cooperation in the police organization
Loyalty: PNP members shalll be loyal to the
constitution and the police service as manifested by
their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates
as well
Patriotism: Love for Country (Pagmamahal sa bayan)
Valor: History attest that filipino law enforcers have
exemplified the tradition of valor in defending the
country from aggression and oppression, protecting
/preserving the life and the property of the People.
They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their
countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.
 Strength of the Filipino Police Officer

Spiritual Beliefs Word of Honor

Valor Camaraderie
Patriotism Courteous
Discipline Loyalty
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9049
“An Act Granting Monthly Gratuity and
Privileges to an awardee of Medal of Valor”

Living recipients get a monthly gratuity pay of

75,000 per month (25,000). They receive this
on the top of their salaries or pension. In the
case of Posthumous awards, the gratuity pay
will go to their wives or their children.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9049
• The awardee, his widow, or her dependents are also
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• 20% discount from hotels, transportation services,
restaurants, carnivals and when buying medicines
among others. Private establishment may claim tax
credits
 Weaknesses of the Filipino Police Officer

• Misplaced Loyalty
• Cynicism
• The Use of Force
• “The Police as Victims” Mentality
• Preferential Application of the Law
• The Police as Untouchables”
• Rewards
• Due Process
• Lying and Deception
PNP Ethics Day is celebrated every
month of?

A. January
B. March
C. September
D. October
JANUARY: PNP ETHICS DAY

MARCH: Fire Prevention month

SEPTEMBER: Crime prevention ( First week)

OCTOBER: Correctional Consciousness Week

Most Common Types of Corruption in the PNP

• Case Fixing
• Bribery
• Extortion
• Protection
• Recycling
• Selective Enforcement
• Internal Pay-offs
 Challenges Facing the Filipino
Police Officer

• Political Meddling
• Poor Salary
• Corruption
• Gratuity
• Police Brutality and Abuse of
Authority
Factors Affecting Police Operation
 Factors Affecting Police Operations

A. External Factors
• Trust and confidence of the people
• Participation of the public in patrol
activities
B. Internal Factors
• Bad working culture and working habits
• Poor Leadership
C. Occupational Hazards
Occupational Hazards
PHYSICAL HAZARDS

PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

SOCIAL HAZARDS

ECONOMICAL HAZARDS
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
VIOLENCE

ACCIDENT

CONTAGIOUS DISEASE
 PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS

MENTAL ILLNESS

SUICIDE

SUBSTANCE ABUSED
 PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHYSICAL HEALTH

-CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY
 SOCIAL HAZARDS

• Isolation from the public –Perhaps this

is endemic to law enforcement given the
nature of the job
• Isolation from the family – all too often,
policing becomes a disruptive influence for
the family.
 ECONOMICAL HAZARDS

• Salary Limitations – if one’s goal is to accumulate great

wealth, he/she should not become a law enforcement
officer.
• Career Limitations – Every one cannot become the
Chief of Police in a large metropolitan agency. Nor will all
those who wish to become supervisor do so. Whether
one’s career is successful depends on how one defines
success.
• Liability Issues – failure to act in a manner that is felt to
be consistent with proper law enforcement procedures
could result in a minor reprimand. More serious violations
could result in more severe disciplinary actions.
 They are police officers who engage in
relatively minor type of corruption
opportunities as they present themselves.

A. Meat Eaters
B. Metal Eaters
C. Grass Eaters
D. Straight-shooter
MEAT EATERS(CARNIVOROUS COPS)- Refers to
the police officers who actively or aggressively
engage in corrupt practices.

GRASS EATERS(VEGETERIAN)- Commits

corruption when there is an opportunity.

STRAIGHT-SHOOTER- refer to honest policemen

who are ready to hide the corrupt practices of
their comrades
 PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES
• PNP Image – All members of the PNP should act in a
manner that would reflect best on the PNP and live by
the PNP’s core values.
• Career Management, the Key to Professionalism –
Strictly implement the policy on the human resources
development system, compatible to the equitable
distribution of procurement, fair promotion,
rationalized approach in assignment, skill development
immediate grant of reward and award and decent living
upon retirement.
• Police Management Leadership – It must be the
primary base for consideration in the selection of
personnel for employment and deployment purposes.
• Equality in the Service – There shall be judicious
and equitable distribution of opportunity to
prove one’s worth in the police service.
• Delicadeza – All members must have the moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with
the time-honored principle of delicadeza.
• Police Lifestyle – The public expects a police
officer to live a simple and dignified life. They
must be free from greed, corruption and
exploitation.
• Political Patronage – PNP members shall
inhibit themselves from soliciting political
patronage on matters pertaining to
assignment, awards, training and promotion.
• Human Rights – PNP members shall respect
and protect human dignity and man’s
inalienable rights to life, liberty and property.
• Setting Example – All PNP members shall set
good example to their subordinates and follow
good example from superiors.
 Ethical Standards
• Morality
• Judicious Use of Authority
• Integrity
• Justice
• Humility
• Orderliness
• Perseverance
• Morality – PNP members shall adhere to high
standard of morality and decency and shall set
good examples for others to follow.
• Judicious Use of Authority – PNP members
shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority in the performance of duty.
• Integrity – PNP members shall not allow
themselves to be victims of corruption and
dishonest practices in accordance with the
provisions of RA No. 6713 and other
applicable laws.
• Justice – PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the
rights of others so they can fulfill their duties and exercise
their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens,
workers, leaders, or in other capacities and to see to it that
others do likewise.
• Humility – PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are
public servants and not the masters of the people and toward
this end, they should perform their duties without arrogance.
• Orderliness – PNP members shall follow logical procedures in
accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize waste in
the use of time, money and effort.
• Perseverance – PNP members shall take legitimate means to
achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external
difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken their
resolve in the course of time.
PNP CUSTOMS AND
TRADITION
 Police Customs on Courtesy
• Salute
• Salute to National Colors and Standards
• Address/Title – Junior in rank address
senior members who are entitled to
salute with the word “Sir” or “Ma’am”.
All PCO shall be addressed sir or ma’am
by PNCO and NUP.
 JUNE 2018 CLE, Refers to set of norms
and standard practiced by members
during social and other function

=SOCIAL DECORUM
 SOCIAL DECORUM

Police Customs on Social Decorum

• Proper Attire
• Table Manners
• Social Graces
• Manner of Walking
• Uniform/Appearance
• Wearing of prescribed uniform
• Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and
regulation
  
Police Customs on Ceremonies

• Flag Raising Ceremony

• Flag Retreat Ceremony
• Half-Mast
• Funeral Service and Honors
• Ceremony Tendered to Retirees
• Honor Ceremony
• Turn-Over Ceremony
• Wedding Ceremony
• Anniversary
• Police Customs on Social Decorum
 Other Police Customs
• Visiting the Sick
• Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased
• Visiting the Religious Leaders
• Athletics
• Happy Hours- Usually on Fridays or any other
days suitable for the occasions PNP members
gather together at their PNP club for a light
heated jesting or airing of minor gripes
 THE PNP CORE VALUES

• Love of God
• Respect for authority
• Selfless love and service for people
• Sanctity of marriage and the respect for
women
• Responsible dominion and stewardship over
material things
• Truthfulness
 The failure to perform an act in which one is
obliged or permitted to do either by law or
directive due to omission or failure to
recognized the obligation.

A. MALFEASANCE
B. MISFEASANCE
C. NON-FEASANCE
D. NONE OF THESE
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
(Article 7, Code of Ethics, Board of Criminology)
As a Law Enforcement Officer, my
fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to
safeguard lives and property; to protect the
innocent against deception; the weak against
oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful
against violence or disorder; and to respect
the constitutional rights of all men to liberty,
equality and justice.
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
(Article 7, Code of Ethics, Board of Criminology)
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to
all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger,
scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be
constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in
thought and deed in both my personal and official life,
I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and
the regulation of my department. Whatever I see or
hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me
in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless
revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.
I recognize the badge of my office as a
symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a
public trust to be held so long as I am
true to the ethics of the police service. I
will constantly strive to achieve these
objectives, and ideals, dedicating myself
before God to my chosen profession…law
enforcement
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6713
“Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and
Employees”
(approved on February 20, 1989 and took
effect on March 25, 1989)
 SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A 6713
Norms and Conduct of Public Officials and
Employees (Section 4)
• Commitment to public interest
• Professionalism
• Justness and sincerity
• Political neutrality
• Responsiveness to the public
• Nationalism and patriotism
• Commitment to democracy
• Simple living
 Duties of Public Officials and Employees

• Act promptly on letters and requests

• Submit annual reports
• Process documents and papers
expeditiously
• Act immediately on the public’s personal
transactions
• Make documents accessible to the public
 Prohibited Acts and Transactions
• Financial and material interest
• Outside employment and other activities related
thereto
• Disclosure and/or misuse of confidential
information
• Solicitation or acceptance of gifts
• Submission of Statement of Assets and Liabilities
(SALN) Section 8))
• Divestment (Section 9)
• Penalties (Section 11)
 CRIME THAT CAN BE COMMITTED BY
PUBLIC OFFICIALS/OFFICER OR EMPLOYEE

DIRECT BRIVERY- to do an act in connection to

his office-
INDIRECT BRIVERY- accept a give or any
consideration by reason of his officer
QUALIFIED BRIVERY: RECLUSION PERPETUA LIFE
IMPRISONMENT OR DEATH
CORRUPTION OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS
THANK YOU
And
GOOD DAY !!!