CHAPTER IX:

RIZAL AND HIS PHILOSOPHICAL IDEOLOGIES

 We…fight so that there may be more justice and more
liberty, and for the sacred rights of man. We ask nothing for
ourselves, we sacrifice everything for the common good,
what more do we need to fear?
(Rizal’s letter to M.H. del Pilar, Paris, June 22,1889)
 Having been influenced by the philosophy of
the Enlightenment while in Europe, Rizal applied its principles of
liberalism, rationalism and deism in his writings. He used it to
evaluate, to criticize and to present needed reforms in the
administration of the socio-political, educational and religious
conditions of his country. These were his means to reveal his true
mission- the thriving of national identity of the Filipinos.
A. RIZAL’S SOCIO-POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Rizal’s Critique on Socio-Political Rizal Socio-Political Reforms
Conditions
Remained to be medievalistic Agricultural advancement

Native’s right to govern

Re-establish the freedom or representation

and freedom of the press

Material progress

Government must be a people’s

government
B. RIZAL’S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
Rizal’s Critique on Education
Schools were church-related
There was no school building
Limited curriculum
Teachers had no prestige
Education of the children was not
encourage
Rizal’s Educational Reforms
Promotion of primary instruction
Establishment of schools of arts and
crafts
Update curriculum
Teachers must be trained
Freedom of the mind
 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Division of School

Classroom and Laboratory Problems

The Curriculum was Limited to Rote Learning

Professors are Insulting

 DAILY PROGRAM
6:00-6:15 Swedish gymnastics
6:15-6:30 Study period
8:00-10:00 Classes. On Sunday, religious duties
10:00-10:30 Light buffet lunch
10:30-11:00 Recreation, swimming, fencing, on alternate or
combined days
11:00-12:00 Study
12:00-12:45 Luncheon
12:45-1:45 Recreation, music and drawing
1:45-3:00 Study
3:00-5:00 Classes (on holidays stroll till 6:15)
5:00-5:15 Tea
5:15-5:45 Gymnastics and sports
5:45-6:45 Recreation
6:45-8:00 Study
8:00-8:30 Dinner
8:30-9:30 Recreation in the parlor, social intercourse, dancing
and music
9:30-5:30 Sleep
C. RIZAL’S PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Rizal’s Critique on Religion Rizal’s Religious Reforms
Abusive, fanatic, and scandalous behavior Follow the teaching of Christ
of preachers
Friars contradict their religious vows Faith must be accompanied by reasons

The friars interpreted the decrees Preachers and followers must observe the
according to their own free will and to doctrine
their advantage
Lack of spiritual leadership The philosophy of Deism
Religiosity of the people is to their
advantage