ATHLETICS/TRACK

AND FIELD
BY: Group Holy Night
 HISTORY
• Track and field athletics, commonly known as athletics or track and field, is a
collection of sports events that involve running, throwing and jumping. The name
"athletics" is derived from the Greek word "athlos" meaning "contest".

• Dating back to the Ancient Greeks, athletics was the only competition to be held in the
first Olympic Games which took place in Athens in 776 BC. At that time, the single
athletic event was known as the stade, a foot race which covered the length of the
Athenian Olympic stadium.
KIND OF
STARTS
BULLET OR
BUNCH STARTS
The toes of the back foot are about level with the heel of
the front foot. Both of the feet are placed well behind the
starting line. The toe to toe distance is said to be 25 to 30
centimeters. • In this start, your feet are closest together,
compared to the other starts. Because your feet are close
together, your legs and body are "bunched" together.
 MEDIUM START
The second type of sprint start is called medium start.
In this the knee of the back leg is opposite the front
foot. • The toe to toe distance said to be 40 to 55
centimeters. In this start, the feet are closer together
than the elongated start but farther apart than the
bullet start.
ELONGATED
START
The third type of sprint start is called the elongated start.
The sprinter has their knee of the back leg level, or slightly
behind the front foot's heel. The toe to toe distance is 60 to
70 centimeters. • In this start, your feet are spread out
farther than the other two. Your back leg is stretched or
elongated, behind you.
 TRACK AND FIELD ARE
DIVEDED INTO THREE:

TRACK EVENTS FIELD EVENTS COMBINED EVENTS

TRACK
EVENTS
 SPRINTS
Sprints are basically racing events involving distances ranging
from 100 meters to 400 meters.

MIDDLE DISTANCE
Middle distance events on the other hand, range from 800 meters to 3000
meters. The standard distances are in multiples of 8--> 800 meters, 1600
meters and 3200 meters. A variation of the middle distance event is the
steeplechase which involves overcoming barriers and water jumps along a
3,000 m track.
LONG DISTANCE
Long distance 5 events include
marathons, or any event covering
more than 5,000 meters. The
standard distances for long distance
sprints are 5000 meters and 10000
meters
HURDLES
Hurdles are track events for the simple reason that
they done in a track field. Hurdle races are run as
sprints, runners jump over ten hurdles in the specified
distance. It is an event where participants race to the
finish line while leaping over obstacles along the way.
The standard distance is 110 meters or 100 meters for
women, and 400 meters for men.
 RELAYS
Relay running is a type of running race in which athletes compete as a
team, rather than as individuals. The two most common relay races in
track and field are the 4 x 100m and the 4 x 400m races, in which four
athletes run 100m and 400m each respectively. A less common relay
is the sprint medley relay, usually consisting of four legs run at
distances of 400, 200, 200, and 800 meters. The latest event to be
added to the athletics program is the mixed 4x400m (2 men, 2
women).
FIELD
EVENTS
There are three major flight techniques for the long jump: the hang, the sail, and
the hitch-kick. Each technique is to combat the forward rotation experienced from
take-off but is basically down to preference from the athlete.

Hang. After the takeoff, the jumper allows the free leg to drop until it is directly
under the hips

Sail. The sail technique is one of the most basic long jump techniques practiced by
competitors. After the takeoff phase is complete, the jumper immediately lifts the
legs into a toe-touching position.

Hitch kick. Is a running that motion helps the jumper maintain balance in the air.
TWO MAJOR EVENTS OF
FIELD

JUMPING THROWING
EVENTS EVENTS
 JUMPING EVENTS
Men and women compete in four jumping events: the high jump, long
jump, triple jump, and pole vault.

The high jump, sport in athletics in which the athlete takes a running
jump to attain height.

The origins of the long jump can be traced to the Olympics in Ancient
Greece, when athletes carried weights in each hand. These were swung
forward on take-off and released in the middle of the jump in a bid to
increase momentum.
The triple jump, sometimes referred to as the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and
jump, is a track and field event, similar to the long jump. As a group, the two events
are referred to as the "horizontal jumps". The competitor runs down the track and
performs a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit.

Pole vaulting, also known as pole jumping, is a track and field event in which an
athlete uses a long and flexible pole, usually made from fiberglass or carbon fiber, as
an aid to jump over a bar.
 THROWING EVENTS
Throwing sports are those that involve high-velocity maximum effort arm
motions to propel objects and include baseball, softball, tennis, football, and track
and field sports like javelin, hammer throw, and shot put to name a few. With
either technique the goal is to build momentum and finally push or "put" the shot
in the direction of the legal landing area. The athlete must stay in a circle until the
shot has landed. The athlete that throws it furthest from the front part of the circle
(and within the legal area) wins. Throwing events are amongst the oldest in track
and field athletics. Where competitors once threw rocks and spears, they now use
the shot and javelin. Throwing events require great strength and throwers are
usually the biggest athletes in any athletic competition.
COMBINED
EVENTS
 COMBINED EVENT

DECATHLON HEPTATHLON PENTATHLON

100 meter dash 60 Meters Long Jump
Long jump Long Jump Javelin
Shot put Shot Put 200 Meter
High jump High Jump Discuss Throw
400 meter dash 60 meters hurdles 1500 Meter Run
110 meter hurdles Pole Vault
Discus throw 1000 Meter
Pole vault
Javelin
1500 meter run
 FINISH!
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