CAREER GUIDANCE

AND COUNSELING
Aleth Attila D. Abarquez
Definition of Terms
• Career is the sum total of one’s work experiences
in a general occupational category such as
teaching, accounting, medicine, or sales. Career
is the sequence and variety of work roles (paid
and unpaid), which one undertakes throughout a
lifetime. More broadly, ‘career’ includes life roles,
leisure activities, learning and work (Career
Blueprint, 2010)
• Originated from the Latin word ‘carrus’, meaning cart,
from which the French word ‘carriere’ which was derived
which means the course of process of one’s life or
lifeworks.
Definition of Terms
• Job is a specific kind of work or sets of tasks or duties a
person have to perform at a workplace from day to day
according to a description and set of expectations (Villar
2009).
• Occupation is defined as a group of similar jobs found in
different industries or organizations (Career Blueprint, 2010).
• Work is a set of activities with an intended setoff outcomes,
from which it is hoped that a person will derive personal
satisfaction. It is not necessarily tied to paid employment.it
can also encompass other meaningful and satisfying
activities through which an individual’s career develops, such
as parenting or volunteering (Career Blueprint, 2010).
 Definition of Terms
• Career Development is aspect of one’s total development that
emphasizes learning about, preparation for, entry into, and
progression in the world of work. It is the life-long process involving
psychological, sociological, educational, economic, physical
factors, and chance factors that interact to influence the career of
the individual (Caligner, 2011 as cited in Sears, 1982).
• Career Education are planned-for educational experiences that
facilitate a person’s career educational experiences that facilitate a
person’s career development and preparation for the world of work;
the totality of experiences through which one learns about and
prepares for engaging in work as a part of a way of living. A primary
responsibility of the school with an emphasis on learning about,
planning for, and preparing to enter a career.
Definition of Terms
• Career Guidance refers to activities that are carried out by
counsellors in a variety of setting for the purpose of stimulating
and facilitating career development in persons over their working
lifetimes. These activities include assistance in career planning,
decision making, and adjustment.
• Career Information are data concerning training related
educational programs, career patterns, and employment trends
and opportunities, requirements of each occupations, institutions
of training, curriculum and entry requirement (Abrenica, 2014).
• Vocational Education is education that is preparatory for a
career in vocational or technical field.
• Sunrise Industries are industries that have potentialities to be
important in the near future.
HISTORY OF CAREER
GUIDANCE
EARLY CIVILIZATION
• The philosophers, priest or other representatives of the gods
and religions assumed the function of advising and offering
counsel (Anon.,2011)
• The history of career guidance may be identified in the early
Greek societies with their emphasis on developing and
strengthening the individual through education to fulfil the roles
reflecting their greatest potential for themselves and for the
society (Anon., 2011).
• During the middle ages, the duty of advising and directing the
youth became centered on the parish priest, with education at
that time to be largely under church jurisdiction. Books stating
that they were to be used to help youth in the choice of an
occupation began to appear in the 17th century (Anon., 2011).
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Immigration from Europe to America
• The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850
where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining,
transportation, and technology (Anon.,2009).
• The industrial Revolution brought about changes in social,
economic and cultural conditions which resulted to more
work opportunities.
• Different industries required certain skills and
competencies to perform well in various occupations.
BEFORE 1900S
• Efforts for helping students in their career are made by
some schools; no organized effort to help students after
they complete school.
• Examen, published by Juan Huarte de San Juan
discussed concepts such as intelligence and job selection.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE MOVEMENT
• Frank Parson founded the Breadwinner’s College in
1905 to provide vocational training and guidance (Herr,
Cramer & Niles, 2004).
• Frank Parsons opened the Vocational Bureau of Boston (a
community counselling center).
• Provided scientific basis in helping immigrants and others in
effectively choosing work. By helping people be more aware of
their needs, aptitude and demands of certain occupation.
• Published the book “Choosing a Vocation” in 1909. He elaborated
techniques that he found useful in helping adolescents identify their
capabilities and choose jobs with reasonable expectations of
success (Herr, Cramer & Niles, 2004).
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE MOVEMENT
• General Credo: “it is better to choose a vocation than
merely hunt a job”.
• Developed techniques to assist students to be introspective about
their own likes and dislikes, successes and limitations, to engage in
true reasoning (decision-making) related to the information they had
(Herr, Cramer & Niles, 2004).
• True reasoning – three-step process that defined Parson’s view on
vocational counselling
• Started the shift, from the reform of the industry to the reform of the
individuals.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE MOVEMENT
• Principles of Career Choices by Frank Parson:
• Self-awareness
• Understanding lines of work
• True reasoning

The Vocational Bureau – the first organization established

in Boston to provide a systematic process for providing
vocational guidance and counseling.
1907 – Jesse Davis organized a program of vocational
and moral guidance in the school of Grand Rapids
Michigan – the start of first vocational guidance program
in schools.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE MOVEMENT
Eli Weaver – established a peer counseling program to
help the students on the selection of college courses.
The Dictionary of Occupational Titles was published by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics in the United States of America.
• From 1900 to 1930 three career trends prevailed (Herr,
Cramer & Niles, 2004):
• Vocational guidance emphasized the study of occupations rather
than the study of individuals
• Vocational educators predominated as vocational guidance
practitioners
• Vocational guidance and vocational education were largely seen as
complementary components of a total effort to distribute students
across the occupational structure.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE MOVEMENT
The 1940 – 1950
• Women started to enter the workforce. They have
successfully worked in manual and technical jobs
previously reserved for men (Herr, Cramer & Niles, 2004).
• The occupational Outlook Handbook was first
published in 1948.
• After the World War, the return of the veterans spurred the
use of classification tests and the importance of career
guidance and counselling at secondary and post-
secondary levels.
CAREER GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Prior to 1925, guidance is generally unknown in the
Philippines.
• Started as psychological Clinic which dealt with cases of
students with discipline, emotional, academic and
vocational problems established by Dr. Sinforoso Padilla
of the University of the Philippines.
• Career guidance started as a vocational guidance (CDAP,
n.d.)
• The establishment of function guidance and counselling
program in schools to help students.
• In 1951, career guidance and counselling was also officially
included among the function of a guidance counselor
• Critical need for career guidance in 1960s when government
noted that 4,163 secondary schools were producing 300,000
high school graduate per year bound for popular courses
(commerce, education and liberal arts).
• The Philippine Guidance and Personnel Association
(PGPA) founded in 1964.
• In 1977, a professional organization centered on career was
established, the Philippine Vocational Guidance
Association (PVGA), then later renamed to Career
Development Association of the Philippines (CDAP).
• Construction of locally normed standardized tests for career
• Dr. Vicentita Cervera developed the Filipino Work Values Scale (FWVS)
Thank you