Managing Psychological

Aspects Of Individuals
a. MOTIVATION

1
 Case Study - A CASE TO CONSIDER – BRENT TEMPLETON – THE UNINSPIRED DRAFTSMAN
•Brent Templeton is a draftsman for a large industrial equipment manufacturer. He has been with the company for more than seven years
and is well respected for his abilities. In a recent conversation with one of his friends, Brent revealed the following thoughts about his
work.
•I really shouldn’t complain about my job, I guess. The money is good. The working conditions are excellent. I have good friends who work
with me, and that’s important. Although retirement is a long way off, I’m putting aside funds to help me live comfortably then. I’m also
putting aside money to put our children through college when the time comes,
•My problem is this: I just don’t see anything in the future. I have already reached the top of the pay scale for draftsmen. Except for cost of
living adjustments, my income will never be much greater than it is now. More important, I’ve reached the top level of promotions that a
draftsman can achieve. To get into a higher-level design or engineering job, the company require you to be a college graduate. Since I
don’t have a college degree, I have no real hope of advancing. Even if I could go back to college to get a degree, it would take years for me
to get one. I must support my family; so I can spare neither the family nor the money that would be necessary to get a degree.
•As I view the alternatives available, I just don’t see many within the company itself. Perhaps what I should do is get involved in is
something off the job that would be stimulating. One of the boy’s clubs in town needs someone to teach the kids how to do carpentry and
woodwork, and I’m pretty good at those things; so, I may volunteer to work in the program.
•I guess it’s not important that I be all fired up about my work with this company. Just so long as I do my job and stay out of trouble, that’s
all that’s important, isn’t it?
Case questions:

•With a partner , role play this case with one person playing Brent’s role and the other acting out the role of
Brent’s boss. Seek to identify the causes of the problems that have developed and the possible solutions.
•On the basis of material presented , which of Brent Templeton’s needs are being fulfilled by his employing
organization?
•Which of Brent’s needs, goals, or expectations are not being met by his employer ? why is this particularly
discouraging to Brent ?
• Is it important that Brent be excited about his work, or is it enough to expect him to do his job and stay out of
trouble? What steps could Brent’s employer take that would result in a change of attitude and improve his
inspiration to perform.
Concept
• Motivation is a set of energetic forces that originate both, within as
well as beyond an individual’s being to initiate work related behaviour
and to determine its form , direction, intensity and duration.
• Latin word “ movere” means to move, to energize or to activate =
motive therefore motivation

• Motive: an energizing state or condition of an organism which directs

the organism towards a certain specified goal ------ Melton
 Theories of Motivation

Content Theories ( motives Process Theories (concerned with the

underlying human behaviour) process of energization of these
behaviours)

Need –hierarchy theory Path-goal or

expectancy theory

The two-factor theory

Porter Lawler model

Achievement –motivation theory

Features in motivation:

• Direction
• Intensity
• Persistence
 ns ive
pre he
Com of
od el
M ti on
v a
Moti
Assumptions Underlying Need Based Motivation

• Individuals aware of their personal needs in a conscious manner

• Motives are primarily internal needs and not created by the
environment
• People can assess activities available to them
• Individuals are future oriented in their motivational drives
Maslow’s Need
Hierarchy
 Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

Motivation refers to the
psychological processes Needs are psychological or
that stimulate excitement physiological insufficiencies
and persistence of that provoke some type of
voluntary actions aimed at behavioral response
some goal.
Maslow’s Need
Hierarchy

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Physiological needs 

What should a
manager/ authority
do to help in
fulfilling this need?

NEEDS REQUIRED FOR HUMAN SURVIVAL COMFORTABLE WORKING CONDITIONS,

SUCH AS AIR, FOOD, WATER, SHELTER, REASONABLE WORK HOURS AND THE
CLOTHING AND SLEEP. NECESSARY BREAKS TO USE THE BATHROOM
AND EAT AND/OR DRINK.
 SOCIAL NEEDS/ LOVE AND BELONGING

NEED TO FEEL A SENSE FRIENDSHIPS, FAMILY EACH EMPLOYEE PROMOTE A GOOD

OF BELONGING AND AND INTIMACY ALL KNOW ONE ANOTHER, WORK-LIFE BALANCE.
ACCEPTANCE WORK TO FULFILL ENCOURAGE
SOCIAL NEEDS COOPERATIVE
TEAMWORK, BE KIND
What should a manager/ authority AND ACCESSIBLE
do to help in fulfilling this need?
 Esteem Needs 

with self-respect being

need for self-esteem and slightly more important
respect than gaining respect and
admiration from others.
What should a manager/ authority
do to help in fulfilling this need?
can account for the esteem
offering promotions and
needs of your employees by
additional responsibility to
offering praise and
reflect your belief that they
recognition when the
are a valued employee.
employee does well
 • describe a person's need to reach his or her full potential
• need to become what one is capable of is something that
is highly personal
Self- • Ex. Some might have the need to be a good parent, some
Actualization the need to hold an executive-level position within their
organization
Needs 
What should a manager/ authority do to
help in fulfilling this need?

• this need is individualized, as a manager, you can account

for this need by providing challenging work, inviting
employees to participate in decision-making and giving
them flexibility and autonomy in their jobs.