Corn Pest Surveillance Pre-Inception Meeting

Corn Pest Surveillance Protocol
November 21 – 22, 2018

Dapitan City
Development of Early Warning System and
Database Management of Corn Arthropod
Pest and Diseases in Zamboanga Peninsula
Objectives
• To develop an effective early warning system for
the management of pest and diseases of corn.
• To develop regional pest profile and establish a

database for corn pest and diseases.
• To improve management strategies and practices

to reduce crop losses
Methodology
Selection of Sampling Sites
All corn producing regions will be considered in monitoring.

Monitoring sites will be established in top three (3) corn producing
provinces with at least 1000 hectares planted to corn.
1. Zamboanga del Norte

2. Zamboanga del Sur
3. Zamboanga Sibugay
Methodology
From each of the 3 selected provinces, the top 3 municipalities

with highest area planted to corn with at least 500 hectares will be
selected to represent the status of corn pest and diseases in each
province.
Zamboanga del Norte - Liloy, Osmeña and Sindangan

Zamboanga del Sur - Dinas, Ramon Magsaysay and San Miguel
Zamboanga Sibugay - RT Lim, Tungawan and Vitali district
Methodology
In each selected municipality, Select two (2) corn cluster areas, one (1)
cluster should be planted with OPV corn and one (1) cluster should be
planted with GM Corn.
Municipal Level
OPV corn GM corn

Methodology
Selection of sampling sites
Cluster Level -Three (3) sampling farms with at least 5000 square meters will
be established from each corn cluster to serve as sampling sites representing
farms fertilized with the recommended fertilizer rate (RFR), below the
recommended fertilizer rate (BRFR) and above the recommended fertilizer rate
(ARFR). Recommended fertilizer rate shall be based on the result of soil
analysis or result on the Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM).
Sampling farms should be accessable to vehicle. The distance between
sampling farms will be one (1) kilometre apart.
Methodology
Selection of sampling sites
Methodology
Sampling Method
• Monitoring will be done weekly at vegetative stage up to eight (8) weeks

after planting (WAP) and every other two (2) weeks during the
reproductive stage.
• Visual observation will be used in monitoring. Data gathering will start ten
(10) days after planting (DAP) up to twelve (12) weeks after planting
(WAP).
Methodology
Sampling Method
 Twenty (20) sample plants randomly selected and identified in each

farm sites will be assessed during monitoring (see illustration)
 Assessment to sampling plants will be done by examining the plant

parts such as leaves, stalk, tassel, silk and ear for the presence of
different pest and diseases
Methodology
Sampling method
 Data on pests and diseases will be gathered using the ODK APP
installed in the digital data capturing device (Smartphone)
 Sampling plants must be at least three (3) meters away from the
field borders
 Assessment on corn plant pest and diseases will be based on the

rating scale provided
Methodology
Sampling Method
x x x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x
Illustration: Random sampling of plants to be monitored in each sampling field.

Methodology
Data Submission/Consolidation
 Raw data collected using smartphone from monitoring farms by an

assigned data collector will be send weekly to RCPC (corn regional data
manager).
 RCPC will consolidate and validate weekly (regional database) all raw data
submitted from the field.
 Validated/ approved data by the RCPC will be forwarded to the national
database for validation and approval of the national data manager (BPI)
 Consolidated regional data from the 16 DA-RFOs will be analysed by the
BPI to produce the real-time status of pest and diseases of corn in form of
graphs/charts and pest maps
Methodology
Data Consolidation
 In alarming pest situation, a warning notification will pop-up and

blink pointing the location of farm site in the pest map where high
pest infestation was observed.
 If such, a pest advisory will be forwarded to the concerned region

containing the management strategies PAMS (Prevention,
Avoidance, Monitoring, Suppression) Approach to contain and
manage the pest immediately.
Data Flow Chart
Dept.of Agriculture
Usec. For Operation
Data output
data processing
Data processing
National database/
Validated data BPI
National validation
Regional database/
Raw data
RCPC
Regional validation
Data collector
Roles and Responsibilities
Data Collectors
 Assist in the establishment of sampling field
 Provide correct data gathered in the monitoring and submit to Regional

Data Manager (RCPC)
 Assist in the field validation and assessment during pest outbreak
 Correct data rejected (invalid data) by the Regional data manager

(RCPC)
LGU
 Assist in the establishment of sampling field following the

protocols in the site selection.
 Assist in the provision of technical support/advice in corn
monitoring and data gathering.
 Assist in the conduct of field validation and assessment during pest
outbreak.
 Assist in the provision of technical and material assistance during
pest outbreaks.
Crop Pest Management Division
bpi.cornnationalproject@gmail.com Corn National Project

Region Crop Protection Center (RCPC)
 Establish the sampling field following the protocols in the site selection.
 Check and validate data forwarded by the data collector
 Issue pest advisory in regional level in alarming situation
 Coordinate with the Local Government Unit (LGU) and provide updated
information on the occurrence of arthropod pests and diseases of corn.
 Conduct field validation and assessment during pest outbreak.
Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)
• Manage the national information on corn pest and diseases (National

Database)
• Review and approved the data sets forwarded by the Regional Crop
Protection Center (RCPC)
• Issue national pest advisory in alarming situation
• Provide data access in the information on the occurrence of arthropod
pests and diseases of corn to the respective regions
• Consolidate and analyze the data and recommend to DA-OSEC/Usec. for
Operations for possible actions
• BPI will establish national database in order to produce the national pests
map of corn
Data to be Gathered
The following data will be filled up/ collected during visit to the identified farms.
Demographic profile
Field size (ha)
Location of farm (geo tag)
Insect pests and diseases
Variety and age of crop
Crop management practices
Cropping history
PAGASA Weather data (rainfall, air temperature, humidity)
Thank you for listening
Survey Forms
Corn Pests and Diseases
Damage Rating Scale
bpi.cornnationalproject@gmail.com
+524-7211
Corn National Project
Corn Pests and Diseases Damage Rating Scale
COMMON RUST
Puccinia sorghi
RATING CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION
0 No incidence No visible damage or symptom.
About less than 1% of leaf are infected. One or two lesions restricted on lower
1 Very slight infection
leaves.
3 Light infection About 1-5% of leaf area infected. Few scattered lesions on lower leaves.
About 6-25% of leaf area infected. Abundant lesions on lower leaves and few
5 Moderate infection
lesions on middle leaves.
About 26-50% of leaf area infected. Lesions abundant on lower, middle and
7 Heavy infection
upper leaves.
About 51% and above of leaf area infected. Lesions abundant and coalesced
9 Very heavy infection
on all leaves. Plants may be prematurely killed.
+524-7211
CURVULARIA LEAF SPOT

Curvularia lunata
About less than 1% of leaf are infected with one or two lesions restricted on
lower leaves.
7 Heavy infection
upper leaves.
+524-7211
LEAF BLIGHT
Helminthosporium turcicum
lower leaves.
7 Heavy infection
upper leaves.
+524-7211
LEAF SPOT
Helminthosporium maydis
lower leaves.
7 Heavy infection
upper leaves.
+524-7211
RHIZOCTONIA SHEATH BLIGHT/ BANDED LEAF SHEATH

Rhizoctonia solani
1 Very slight infection 1/8 stalk portion affected
3 Light infection 1/4 stalk portion from the base is affected
5 Moderate infection 1/2 stalk portion from the base is affected
7 Heavy infection 3/4 stalk portion from the base is affected
9 Very heavy infection Whole stalk is affected
+524-7211
STALK ROT
Erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi Dye
1 No infection No symptoms
3 Light infection Pre-mature wilting
Wilting, ear drop, stalks senesce rapidly and turn brown to gray, if
pushed plants falls easily at 30-40 degrees vertical
7 Severe infection Wilting, ear drop, lodging, stalks easily integrates, with foul odor
9 Very severe infection Whole plants dry with undeveloped ears
+524-7211
CORN BORER
(by Dalinka et.al 1973)
RATING CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION- LEAF DESCRIPTION- STALK
Leaf feeding slightly pinhead size on the

1 Very slight whorl (1-2) leaves Plant with no broken tassel
Leaf feeding slightly pinhead size on the

Plant with broken tassel and stalk holes on the
3 Slight whorl down to the base leaves (3-4
leaves) first two leaf nodes
Plant with stalk holes from the tassel stalk down

5 Moderate severe Leaf feeding on about 5-6 leaves
to the stalk above the ear
Plant with stalk holes from the tassel stalk down
7 Severe Leaf feeding on about 7-8 leaves to the stalk above or below the ears (not
necessarily with broken tassel)
Plant with broken tassel and stalk holes from the
9 Highly severe Leaf feeding of almost all leaves
tassel stalk down to the plant base
+524-7211
CORN PLANTHOPPER
Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy
1 No infestation No visible damage and no cph observed
3 Light infestation Whorl or middle leaves have noticeable cph of about 1-10 per plant
5 Moderate infestation Basal and middle mature leaves become infested. Eggs visible, with 11-20 cph per plant
Basal and middle leaves with noticeable sooty mold, eggs very visible with mixed
7 Severe infestation population of 21-30 cph
Plants are severely covered with sooty mold, abundant 40 or more cph on all parts of the
9 Very severe infestation plant. Leaves become necrotic and plant may die
+524-7211
CORN LEAF FEEDERS (AW/CW)

RATIN CLASSIFICATIO DESCRIPTION
G N
1 Very slight Only pinhole damage
Pinhole and small circular hole damage to leaves
3 slight Pinholes, small circular lesions and a few small elongated (rectangular shape) lesion of up to
1.3.cm in length present n whorl and furl leaves
Several small to mid size 1.3 t0 2.5cm in length elongated lesions present on few whorl and furl
leaves
5 Moderately severe Several large and elongated lesions greater than 2.5 cm in length present on a few whorl and
furl leaves and /or a few small – to mid size uniform to irregularly shape holes (basement
membrane consumed) eaten from the whorl or furl leaves
Several large elongated lesions present on a several whorl and furl leaves or several large
uniform to irregular shape holes eaten from furl and whorl leaves
7 severe Many elongated lesions of all sizes present on several whorl and furl leaves plus several large
uniform to irregular shape holes eaten from the whorl and furl leaves
Many elongated lesions of all sizes present on most whorl and furl leaves and many mid to large
size uniform to irregular shape holes eaten from the whorl and furl leaves
9
bpi.cornnationalproject@gmail.com Highly severe Whorl and furl leaves almost totally destroyed
+524-7211
RODENTS
RATING CLASSIFICATION % Damage
1 Slight Less than 5% damage
3 Moderate 6-25% damage
5 Severe 26-100 damage
+524-7211
FORMULA
Severity = (1(n))+ (3(n)+ (5(n)+ (7(n)+ (9(n)
N
n= number of samples showing the scale of 1,3,5,7 and 9, respectively.

N= total number of samples
Average severity index Severity range

1 1 – 1.99
3 2 – 3.99
5 4 – 5.99
7 6 – 7.99
9 8 – 9.99
References
CASSAVA PESTS AND DISEASE DAMAGE RATING SCALE (IITA, 2009)
Vasquez, E.A, 2016, Arthropod Pests and Diseases of Cassava in the Philippines, An illustrated
handbook for identification and management guide.
THANK YOU

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Corn Pest Surveillance Protocol

November 21 – 22, 2018

• To develop regional pest profile and establish a

• To improve management strategies and practices

All corn producing regions will be considered in monitoring.

1. Zamboanga del Norte

From each of the 3 selected provinces, the top 3 municipalities

Zamboanga del Norte - Liloy, Osmeña and Sindangan

OPV corn GM corn

• Monitoring will be done weekly at vegetative stage up to eight (8) weeks

 Twenty (20) sample plants randomly selected and identified in each

 Assessment to sampling plants will be done by examining the plant

 Assessment on corn plant pest and diseases will be based on the

Illustration: Random sampling of plants to be monitored in each sampling field.

 Raw data collected using smartphone from monitoring farms by an

 In alarming pest situation, a warning notification will pop-up and

 If such, a pest advisory will be forwarded to the concerned region

 Assist in the establishment of sampling field

 Provide correct data gathered in the monitoring and submit to Regional

 Assist in the field validation and assessment during pest outbreak

 Correct data rejected (invalid data) by the Regional data manager

 Assist in the establishment of sampling field following the

Crop Pest Management Division

bpi.cornnationalproject@gmail.com Corn National Project

Region Crop Protection Center (RCPC)

• Manage the national information on corn pest and diseases (National

0 No incidence No visible damage or symptom.

CURVULARIA LEAF SPOT

0 No incidence No visible damage or symptom.

0 No incidence No visible damage or symptom.

0 No incidence No visible damage or symptom.

RHIZOCTONIA SHEATH BLIGHT/ BANDED LEAF SHEATH

0 No incidence No visible damage or symptom.

1 Very slight infection 1/8 stalk portion affected

3 Light infection 1/4 stalk portion from the base is affected

5 Moderate infection 1/2 stalk portion from the base is affected

7 Heavy infection 3/4 stalk portion from the base is affected

9 Very heavy infection Whole stalk is affected

RATING CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION

3 Light infection Pre-mature wilting

9 Very severe infection Whole plants dry with undeveloped ears

RATING CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION- LEAF DESCRIPTION- STALK

Leaf feeding slightly pinhead size on the

Leaf feeding slightly pinhead size on the

Plant with stalk holes from the tassel stalk down

RATING CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION

1 No infestation No visible damage and no cph observed

CORN LEAF FEEDERS (AW/CW)

RATING CLASSIFICATION % Damage

1 Slight Less than 5% damage

3 Moderate 6-25% damage

5 Severe 26-100 damage

Average severity index Severity range

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