The evolution of species is a process of

physical, mental, or emotional changes of

species. The Theory of the Transmutation
Species (paradigm) and the Theory of evolution
by natural selection( paradigm shift) attempt to
explain why species evolve. The proponents
believed that living organisms, such as
humans, need to evolve to survive. There are
four factors of evolution: natural selection,
mutation, genetic drift, and migration (gene
flow). Evolution cannot happen instantly;
hence, it sometimes leads to negative results
such as extinction.
 PARADIGM JEAN BABTISTE LAMARCK
1744-1829

THE THEORY OF THE

TRANSMUTATION
SPECIES
It is the first fully
developed theory of
evolution
conceptualized by Jean
Baptiste Pierre
Antoine de Monet,
Chevalier De Lamarck.
 He proposed that when the environment changes, species
need to change their practices and behavior to survive.Lamarck
is fond of studying animals and fossil records. It led him to the
conclusion that life is not fixed. He include the Idea of the
acquired characteristics wherein the offspring can inherit
alteration and modification of its progenitor. The revelation of
the relevance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the machinery
of heredity, as well as the intensity of studies on cytoplasmic
inheritance, made it critical that Lamarckism be understood
clearly and precisely in the 1950s.

Why giraffes have long necks?
According to Lamarck’s
transmutation theory
According to Lamarck,
giraffes have long necks because
they are trying to reach for
higher leaves. Over time, the
giraffe's neck will be longer
because of the "nervous fluid,"
then its offspring will inherit the
trait.On the other hand, the
organs that are not used will
shrink.He also said that
evolution is a natural process
rather than a miraculous
intervention. It was rejected
since it has insufficient evidence
and some contradictions on
religious grounds. Lamarck died
in poverty and anonymity in
1829.
 CHARLES DARWIN,
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE &
PARADIGM SHIFT THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY

THEORY OF
EVOLUTION BY
NATURAL SELECTION
Charles Darwin and a
scientific contemporary of
his, Alfred Russel Wallace,
proposed that evolution
occurs because of a
phenomenon called
natural selection.
Huxley defend this theory.
PEOPLE BEHIND THE THEORY OF
EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

❖ After a five-year journey to study plants, animals, and fossils in South

America and on Pacific islands, English scientist Charles Darwin came up
with the concept of natural selection.
❖ Naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace was the first to propose the notion of
evolution through natural selection.
❖ Thomas Henry Huxley wrote a review of On the Origin of Species in the
London Times a month after it was published, and he continued to
defend Darwin's thesis with publications and talks.
Natural selection states that organisms create more
offspring than can survive in their environment. Natural
selection is the process of determining which organisms
are most adapted to their surroundings, as well as which
ones are most likely to breed and pass on their qualities
to the next generation. Natural selection became a
scientific theory because it was such a compelling notion
in describing the development of life. It is currently
recognized as one among the ways by which life
progresses.
 IMPORTANCE OF
NATURAL SELECTION

Favorable qualities are passed down through the generations as a

result of natural selection. Natural selection can result in speciation,
which occurs when one species gives rise to a new, separate species.
It is one of the mechanisms that drives evolution and contributes to
our understanding of the diversity of life on our planet.
COMPARISON OF PARADIGM AND
PARADIGM SHIFT
➢ The beliefs of Darwin and Lamarck were highly distinct, yet they
were also very similar in that they both believed that creatures
changed. They believed that these adjustments would be extremely
beneficial and would aid in their survival. Changes might then be
handed on to the next generation. Lamarck's and Darwin's ideas are
comparable in this way.
CONTRAST OF PARADIGM AND
PARADIGM SHIFT

➢ According to Darwin's hypothesis, organisms acquire beneficial variety

before environmental changes. He believed they were born with the
mutation by coincidence.
➢ Lamarck claimed that creatures evolved in response to a necessity or a
change in the environment. Lamarck believed that organisms evolved in
response to a change in their environment.
 REFERENCES

1. https://www.pewforum.org/2009/02/04/darwin-and-his-theory-of-evolution/?
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