TEXTILE

•Textile is a Latin word which refers to Woven Fabrics.

•The term now has a broader meaning and covers materials which
are produced by other means , including:
–the interlacing of yarns, such as knitting, lace making and
netting;
–other needlework techniques worked through a woven base,
such as embroidery and canvas work.
–Some examples of textiles
•costume, uniforms;millinery;tapestries;ecclesiastical textiles;carpets
and rugs;dolls & soft toys, parasols and fans;patchwork and
applique;flags and banners;quilts;needlework;curtains,
upholstery;ethnographic textiles;samplers;non-woven materials such as
felt,etc.
Textile Process Flow
• Textile Fiber Selection
• Yarn (Spinning)
• Weaving or knitting
• Processing(Dyeing & Printing)
• Finishing
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE TEXTILE FIBERS

T E X T IL E F IB R E S

N ATU R AL M AN M AD E

VE G ETAB LE A N IM A L M IN E R A L S E M I-S Y N T H E T IC S Y N T H E T IC
( C e llu lo s ic ) ( P r o t e in ) (R E G E N E R A T E D )

C O TTO N W O O L M E T A L ( Z A R I) V IS C O S E R A Y O N NYLO N
L IN E N S IL K M O D AL TEYLEN E
JU TE LYO C E LL O R LO N
H E M P & R E M IE
Yarn
 YARN
• Yarn is defined as a linear assemblage of
the fibers twisted together.
• The process of making the yarn from a
textile fiber is called Spinning
 YARN MANUFACTURING PROCESS
(Cotton)
• BALE OPENER
• MIXING
• BLOW-ROOM
• CARDING
• DRAWING
• COMBING
• SIMPLEX (ROVING)
• SPINNING (RING FRAME)
Bale opener
 BALE OPENING

• BALE OPENING or BREAKING:

• The cotton tufts are opened in this process.
• As the cotton arrives in an extremely compressed
condition the first operation is to loosen the matted fibers
• The cotton fiber is loosen by means of rotating spiked
rollers of the bale opener.
Mixing
 Mixing
• This is a process of mixing the
same/different category of fibers to get
desired properties and cost effectiveness.
• Mixing is done after the study of the
essential properties of fiber like staple
length,Tensile strength, fineness, uniformity
etc.
Blow room
 BLOW ROOM

• In this process the cleaning and opening of the

cotton is done by beaters and openers.
• The foreign materials like dust particles, seeds of
cotton and other impurities are partially removed
in this process.
• The cotton tufts are opened and cleaned in this
process and the cotton lap is made out.
Carding
 CARDING

• Carding is the heart of spinning in this

process the minute impurities like small seed
particles,immature fibers etc. are removed.
• The straightening and aligning of fibers are
done in this process.
• In carding the Blow room lap is attenuated to
the card sliver.
Draw Frame
 Draw Frame
• Through drafting fibbers get
paralleled
• Up to Eight Carded Slivers are fed
into the Draw-Frame and they are
stretched/Straightened and made into
a single sliver.
• Also fiber blending can be done at
this stage.
Simplex
 Simplex (Roving Frame)
• Further drafting is done here to get the fibers more
aligned/paralleled.
• The Sliver from Draw-Frame is thicker and will be
difficult to be fed into the Ring-frame as is, hence
here the Slivers are stretched and were made
thinner by Drafting and mild twisting (so as to
strengthen the Roving).
• The End-Product from the Simplex is called as
Roving.
Ring Frame
 Ring Frame (Spinning)
• The roving is fed into the Ring-frame and is made
into yarn by further Drafting & Twisting.
• Basic Functions of Ring Frame
• to draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved
• to impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist.
• Depending upon the yarn count required , the drafting and
twisting can be adjusted.