MINOR PROJECT

FEASIBILITY OF EV IN INDIA

SUBMITTED TO : M. ZUNAID                  SUBMITTED BY : GAGAN

YADAV(2K18/ME/076)
                                                                                  DHYEYA KHANDELWAL (2K18/ME/074)
                                                                                  HARSH CHAUDHARY(2K18/ME/087)
                                                 DEEPANSHU (2K18/ME/066)
 OVERVIEW

The German engineer Carl Benz in 1889, applied for and was granted a patent for a vehicle which was powered
by a gas engine. This would be called the first commercially available car in the world.
We have come a long way with the traditional commercial cars powered by a gas engine, we have been
benefitted by it and seen it’s faults and disadvantages likewise and disadvantages, there are many to speak of,
like pollution, its dependence on non-renewable energy sources etc.
Another revolution has now come in the commercial vehicle sector and it is the “Electric Vehicle”.
Vehicles propelled by an electric drive train using an electric motor as its propulsion source and which derives
its power form a rechargeable battery or from many other non-conventional sources like fuel cell, solar panels
etc. which are manufactured to utilize on public roads are known as Electric Vehicles.
Electric Vehicle, which are now being preferred over the internal combustion and steam engine
powered vehicles came into existence in the nineteenth century. EVs don’t use any fossil fuel based
energy source like gasoline, diesel or petrol and runs on what is called “a more cleaner source of
energy”. EVs are the future and they are here to stay and solve many problems we get from internal
combustion engine automobile. 
EVs can help in reducing the problem of air pollution, exhaustion of fossil fuels and crude oil,
depletion of natural resources, increase air quality and consequently decrease lots of air-borne
disease or ailments caused due to polluted air and finally solve the larger problem of global
warming to some extent. These and many other solutions that the Electric Vehicle provides and all
the disadvantages and hazards to health internal combustion engine car poses are the reason that
people are being attracted to Electric Vehicles with many already owning these vehicles.
Coming decades will only see rise in the EV market.
 INTRODUCTION

Demand of Electric vehicles in India have risen in the last decade, but still there is a long journey
for industry to accomplish to reach a parity point with Internal Combustion Engine vehicles.
India dreams of being a big player in the worldwide electric vehicle space and with many of our
own automobile manufacturers in the country already getting into electric vehicle domain, the
penetration of Electric Vehicles has risen exponentially in the last decade. Many new companies
have also risen as a competitor in the segment with their own vehicles and technologies along with
the traditional companies of automobile manufacturing business.
The passenger car segment has a low penetration rate and very few oems have products in this area.
However, in the motorcycle and tricycle segments, the number of electric vehicles is increasing,
which is driving India's green mobility attack. Customers are noisier than before when buying a
vehicle. However, there are still some challenges that are hindering the growth of domestic electric
vehicles.
Hence, we find it our obligation that the feasibility of EVs in our country. In this project we
explore, focus on pros and cons of Electric Vehicles to assess the feasibility of Electric Vehicles in
India.
We analyse the factors affecting the implementation of Electric Vehicles in India and we infer and
conclude form the results from our research. Interpretive Structural Modelling is used to
mathematically visualise and calculate the feasibility.
 FACTORS PLAYING CRUCIAL ROLE 

ECONOMIC IMPACT
INDIA's CRUDE OIL IMPORT
As per economic survey, the largest import commodity in the year 2019-20 was crude oil
imports and it summed up to 101.4 billion dollars which consisted of both refinery and
domestic use . Hence a heavy burden on the nation. Thus, wide use of electric vehicles
will reduce these imports substantially and will reduce dollar outflow overall helping the
economy. 
IMPACT OF ENERGY SECTOR
Problem of energy sector in India 
Electric vehicles will bring a huge benefit in field of environment conservation and
reduction in crude oil imports but on the other hand it will put a great burden on energy
sector which is already in dire state. India produces its 60.2% of its electricity through
fossil fuels, while 38.2 % of electricity through renewable resources including hydro,
more than 20% is through solar energy. Here we are not using the data of 2020-2021 as
there were unexpected variations caused due to the pandemic. 
Thus, wide use of electric vehicles will demand even more electricity to be generated thus putting a
question mark on its feasibility. This problem of greater demand of electricity can be solved by using
solar energy on a large scale. 
Solar energy an answer to India's growing demand for electricity 
As Solar electricity generation requires large amount of initial investment. On comparing it to the
annual import of crude oil we can see that such heavy installment cost can be seen as a long time,
investment which will benefit in the longer run 

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 
A major step for the success of EV in India would be the development of infrastructure throughout
urban areas like charging station, wide supply chains of batteries and their maintenance unit. 
Out of some Problems of electric vehicles which are faced most commonly Range of electric
vehicles is one major problem which is impacting the feasibility of electric vehicles. 
But to do so in the same manner for villages and small towns is not feasible due to fluctuating
electricity voltage, non-availability of electricity 24 x 7, minimal profit in such locations.  
Thus one need innovative solutions like solar tree powered charging stations which would produce
significant amount of electricity daily at a normal installation cost of 4 to 5 lakhs. 
IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
Internal Combustion engines are one of the main sources of pollution in India. They
negatively affect the environment, metazoan, and human health. Emission from internal
combustion engines of vehicles causes two-third of air pollution in urban areas & due to
fuel-burning poisonous gases like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter of
Sulphur & unburned hydrocarbons generally released. Electrification of vehicles shall
directly impact the emissions and it is very conceivable that it might cause a positive effect
on air quality index

Government Policies and its impact

It will play a vital role in promoting manufacturing as well as the adoption of EVs in India.
This will lead to increased penetration of EVs in the Indian market. There are some crucial
requirements for the fast adoption of EVs which are appropriate infrastructure, themed-
regulations, and policies. A framework can be made to encourage these policies and
regulations. Government approaches will assume an indispensable part in advancing
assembling just as the reception of EVs in India. This will prompt expanded entrance of EVs
in the Indian market. There are some vital prerequisites for the quick reception of EVs which
are as fitting foundation, themed-guidelines, and arrangements.
COST SAVING ANALYSIS

Running cost of EV is less in comparison to the conventional vehicles as the electricity to charge the battery of
an EV cost less than that of the cost of petrol or diesel. One of the study conducted by University of Michigan
found that EV cost less than half as compared to fuel powered vehicles. Major reason for cost savings is that
electricity rates are much less than that of the petrol and diesel prices and as these prices are extravagantly
surging so there is a need for another substitute. EV helps to solve this problem also. Though the initial cost
may be high but the running cost compensates that cost also. 

 Here, a yearly cost saving analysis has been done for different types of vehicles and the results have been found
under certain assumptions which are as follows:
• There are 4 types of EV considered- two wheeler, three wheeler, passenger and commercial vehicles.
• It is again assumed that a two wheeler travels average distance of 20km/day, three wheeler as 80km/day,
passenger vehicles as 100km/day and commercial as 250km/day.
• The energy consumption has been found in the above section and is used for the further analysis.
• Unit cost of electricity for charging is assumed as Rs. 5.
•  Per liter cost of fuel is considered as Rs. 75.
• Analysis is done for the vehicles predicted in 2030 and 100% EV has been further considered for the cost
saving analysis.
RESULTS: 
The liter/day average requirement for different
types of vehicle has been shown. The total
number of automobiles which has been
predicted is used to calculate the yearly liter
consumption for the total vehicles in 2030.
Cost of charging the EV for those units at Rs.
5 per unit is calculated and the cost of the
conventional vehicle is found by taking cost of
fuel as Rs. 74. The total cost saved is then
calculated which is around 102 thousand
crore. The running cost comparison chart has
been plotted. It clearly indicates that because
of the high price of fuel the running cost of
conventional vehicles will be very high and as
the prices of these fuels are continuously
increasing so this cost may also overshoot the
calculated cost.
CONCLUSIONS 
With the fast depletion of fossil fuels, increase in the energy cost, impact on
the environment and most importantly climatic changes because of the
increasing air pollution. Such concerns are driving the government to invest
heavily towards electric mobility and thus reimagining mobility. As India is
one of the emerging economy so there is an exigency to move towards
electric vehicles as the gap between the crude oil consumption and
production is getting wider with each passing day. As in the future there will
be around 4cr vehicles running on road, accordingly if they will be electric in
nature then there will be a high rise in the demand of energy. Although the
electric vehicles initial cost may be high because of the high prices of the
battery being used in them. But the running cost will be low in comparison
with the conventional vehicles as it will directly cut off the requirement of
fossil fuels and thus will help in saving the cost.