MEASURING THE CP PROPERTIES OF

THE HIGGS SECTOR AT ELECTRON-

POSITRON COLLIDERS
T. Agatonovic-Jovin1, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic1, D. Jeans3, I. Smiljanic1, G. Kacarevic1, N. Vukasinovic1, G.
Milutinovic-Dumbelovic1, J. Stevanovic2, M. Radulovic2

on behalf of the ILD Concept Group

1 Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kragujevac University, Kragujevac, Serbia

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
3

Credit: R Hori/KEK

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin

 OVERVIEW

•  Motivation
• Ways to probe CP symmetry violation in the Higgs sector
• Current status of the study at the ILC
• CPV in (ZZ – fusion) at 1 TeV
• CPV in at 250 GeV ILC and other colliders
• Open questions – perspective of the study
• Summary

Credit: D Dominguez/CERN

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 2

 M OT I VAT I O N

Are they
CPV connected? HIGG
• Higgs S mass–

Necessary yet Hierarchy problem

insufficient in the SM to • Higgs vacuum –
CPV in the
explain baryon energy of the
Higgs sector
asymmetry of the Universe
Universe • Higgs and DM –
Higgs invisible
decays
• Higgs and cosmic
inflation – is Higgs
the inflaton?

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 3

 M OT I VAT I O N

• CP symmetry violation (BSM physics) is required to explained baryogenesis

• CP symmetry violation provided in the SM (i.e. CKM matrix) is insufficient
• Could CP be violated in the Higgs sector?

VV CPV at loop level ff CPV at tree level

CP-violating terms

V f
h
V f

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 4

 WAY S TO P R O B E C P V I N T H E H I G G S S E C TO R

Z (W)
•  SM-like Higgs boson could be a mixture of
scalar and pseudo-scalar state :
Z (W)
• Correlation between spin orientations of
VV (or ) carries information on the Higgs
CP state
• Numerous Higgs production processes at
linear machines (, WW-fusion, ZZ-fusion) Z (W)
at various c.m. energies h
• Both Higgs production and decays can be
exploited Z (W)

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 I N C LU S I V E H I G G S P RO D U C T I O N I N Z Z- F U S I O N

•  Information on spin orientations of

𝑛
 ^ 2
VV states is
contained in the angle between production (decay)
planes
• Angle between planes is angle between unit vectors
orthogonal to those planes:
and
•  = a arccos ()

• where a defines how the second (positron) plane is

rotated w.r.t. the first (electron) plane; If it falls
backwards (as illustrated) , otherwise . Direction of Z in
𝑛
 ^ 1
the e- plane regulates the notion of direction (fwd. or
back.)
• a=

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 6

 HIGGS DECAYS ( A S A  C RO S S- C HECK ) : AND

•  Unit vectors orthogonal to decay planes are now opposite:

and

*
• where defines how the second (off-shell boson ) plane is
rotated w.r.t. the first (on-shell boson) plane; If it falls
backwards (as illustrated) , otherwise . Direction of the on-
shell boson regulates the notion of direction (fwd. or back.)

• It is essential to distinguish between fermion and

antifermion (jet-charge in case of semileptonic decays)

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 7

 CURRENT STATUS OF THE CPV STUDIES AT ILC

 CPV in (ZZ – fusion) at 1 TeV

•Method
  of the analysis:
• Definition of sensitive observable - ✓
• Event selection:
• Preselection ✓
• MVA analysis

• PDFs of the reconstructed CPV observable for signal and

background
• Pseudo-experiment to extract CPV mixing angle from the
reconstructed signal
• Multiple pseudo-experiments (with the fixed Higgs CPV
mixing angle) to determine statistical uncertainty from the
pull distribution

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 8

  
DISTRIBUTIONS

 
- red circles - green squares - blue diamonds

  We are correctly reproducing distributions at the

generator level both for decay vertices

arXiv:1208.4018 [hep-ph]

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 9

 P R E S E L EC T I O N - S A M P L ES

 
• t-channel process, electrons (spectators) are scattered forward - not full statistics available in the tracker
Due to this fact is the optimal energy for this study (already at i.e. the number of events with both electrons in the tracker is  1/5
of the available statistics). Around events with both and in the tracker, in 1 ab-1 at 1 TeV ILC.
• At 500 GeV i.e. x-section for ZZ-fusion is relatively small () and assuming integrated luminosity of number of events in the tracker is a factor 2
smaller than at 1 TeV

82 % @ 500 GeV 41.7 % @ 1 TeV 21.8 % @ 1.4 TeV

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 10

 P R ES E L E C T I O N - C U T S

generated

−1
 N /0.3 a b
 • ILC sample at ,
• Preselection: find 2 isolated electrons ()
• Goal: reduce high cross-section backgrounds
• Requirements:
• Track energy: – spectators are energetic ( loss)
reconstructed
• Impact parameter: – tracks from primary vertex

−1
• Ratio of deposition: , where

 N /0.3 a b
– select electrons
• Optimize cone vs. track energy – electron isolation

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 11

 P R ES E L E C T I O N E F F I C I E N C Y

−1
reconstructed

 N /0.3 a b
 
, cone
  Requirements:
• Track energy: – spectators are energetic

−1
• Impact parameter: reconstructed

 N /0.3 a b
• Ratio of deposition:

IN
• Optimize cone vs. track energy
(should be further optimized with the Breamstrahlung

IM
recovery to prevent event loss due to isolation)

EL Y
reconstructed

−1
R
@1 TeV Etrack && d0 /z0 Etrack && d0 /z0 && RCAL
Input Etrack Etrack && d0 /z0

 N /0.3 a b
@ 1 ab-1 && RCAL && Econe = f(Etrack)
 
Number of ee
events in the
tracker
Nev = 8310 P
Nev = 7814
(6.0 %)
Nev = 7451
(8.6 %)
 Nev = 7394
(9.2 %)
Nev = 5777 
(30.4 %, Eff ~ 70 %)

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 12

   A N D OT H E R R ES U LT S
C P V I N H AT 2 5 0 G E V I LC

arXiv:1804.01241v2 [hep-ex]

 
ILC
• h vertex can probe CPV at a tree level

• ILC completed analysis in finding 75 mrad ()

uncertainty in with of polarized data @ 250 GeV LD-
PHYS-2018-001

• There is ongoing analysis in the same channel for SiD

concept by J. Brau et al.
Upper bounds on the CP phase of
the Yukawa coupling for  leptons
 
LHC
Name
• No sign of CPV is observed with LHC (ATLAS data,
31.6 fb-1, 13 TeV) in the h + - channel ATLAS- HL-LHC
CONF-2019-050 HE-LHC -

• Also, CMS results (137 fb-1, 13 TeV) statistically CEPC -

consistent with the SM expectations in CMS-PAS-
HIG-19-009
arXiv:1905.03764v2 [hep-ph]

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 O P E N Q U ES T I O N S – P E RS P E C T I V E O F T H E ST U DY

 • Possibility that CP is violated in the Higgs sector raises several

intriguing questions :

• What is a precision at the different colliders & energies?

• What are critical or advantageous detector aspects? (e.g.
quark charge identification)
• How do these measurements all fit together, i.e. How does
the experimental sensitivity at colliders compare to that at
HL-LHC?
• What is their relative importance?

We welcome collaborators to join us in the study of these and related questions.

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 S U M M A RY

• CP violation in the Higgs sector is tempting and well motivated possibility

• There are several analysis on CPV mixing in the Higgs sector at ILC
• Both hff and hVV vertices can be exploited in Higgs production and decays
• So far the utmost precision (in comparison to other future projects) of the Higgs mixing angle is
foreseen at 250 GeV ILC in the Higgs to  decay channel
• Similar analysis ongoing at SiD
• Ongoing analysis in the Higgs inclusive production in ZZ-fusion at 1 TeV ILC targeting hZZ vertex
• These analyses are part of the Snowmass initiative – welcome to join us

LCWS 2021, March 15-18, 2021 Tatjana Agatonovic Jovin 15