BAB 4 MEDAN

MAGNET
PENYEGARAN ASISTEN
JUM’AT, 13 MARET 2020
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
 Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan rumus gaya magnet terhadap arus listrik dan muatan
bergerak
 Mahasiswa mampu menyebutkan peranan magnetisasi dalam material magnetik dan hysteresis
loop

MATERI PEMBELAJARAN
 Gaya magnet
 Gerak muatan dalam medan magnet
 Kumparan dalam medan magnet
 Induksi magnet oleh arus listrik
 Perhitungan induksi magnet
A brief history
1600 William Gilbert, On magnetism; magnetic materials;
poles that attract & repel; Earth’s magnetic field, compass ‘dip’
1820 Hans Christian Oersted finds that an electric current deflects a compass needle.
1820 Andre Marie Ampère finds that parallel wires
carrying current produce forces on each other.
1820s, 1830s Michael Faraday develops the concept of
electric field and shows that
electric current + magnetism -> motion (motor effect)
motion + magnetism -> electric current (electromagnetic induction)

1860s James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) establishes a mathematical description of

electromagnetism.
Facts about Magnetism
 Magnets have 2 poles
(north and south)
 Like poles repel
 Unlike poles attract
 Magnets create a
MAGNETIC FIELD
around them
Magnetic Field
A bar magnet has a magnetic field around it. This
field is 3D in nature and often represented by
lines LEAVING north and ENTERING south

To define a magnetic field you need to

understand the MAGNITUDE and
DIRECTION

We sometimes call the magnetic field a B-Field

as the letter “B” is the SYMBOL for a magnetic
field with the TESLA (T) as the unit.
Magnetic Force on a moving charge
B
If a MOVING CHARGE moves
S
into a magnetic field it will
N S
experience a MAGNETIC
N
vo FORCE. This deflection is 3D
in nature.
-

   The conditions for the force are:

FB  qv  B •Must have a magnetic field present
•Charge must be moving
FB  qvB sin  •Charge must be positive or negative
•Charge must be moving PERPENDICULAR
to the field.
Direction of the magnetic force?
Right Hand Rule To determine the DIRECTION of the force on
a POSITIVE charge we use a special
technique that helps us understand the
3D/perpendicular nature of magnetic
fields.

Basically you hold your right hand flat

with your thumb perpendicular to the •The Fingers = Direction B-Field
rest of your fingers •The Thumb = Direction of velocity
•The Palm = Direction of the Force

For NEGATIVE charges use left hand!

 Soal 1-3
Tentukan arah dari variable yang tidak diketahui dalam
gerak elektron dalam medan magnet pada gambar berikut

+y
B = +x
+z +x v = +y
F = +z
F

B
B = -z B = +z
v=-x v = +x
F = +y F = +y
Magnetic Force and Circular Motion
B
v
- X X X X X- X X X X
Suppose we have an electron traveling at a
FB
XXXXXXXXX velocity , v, entering a magnetic field, B,
FB FB directed into the page. What happens after
- - the initial force acts on the charge?
XXXXXXXXX
FB
XXXXXXXXX
-
Magnetic Force and Circular Motion
The magnetic force is equal to the centripetal
force and thus can be used to solve for the
circular path. Or, if the radius is known, could
be used to solve for the MASS of the ion. This
could be used to determine the material of the
object.

There are many “other” types of

forces that can be set equal to the
magnetic force.
Example
A singly charged positive ion has a mass of 2.5 x 10-26 kg. After being accelerated through a
potential difference of 250 V, the ion enters a magnetic field of 0.5 T, in a direction
perpendicular to the field. Calculate the radius of the path of the ion in the field.

q  1.6 x10 19 C

mv 2 mv We need to
m  2.5 x10  26
kg FB  Fc qvB  r
r qB solve for the
V  250V velocity!

B  0.5T
r ? (2.5 x10 26 )(56,568)
r 19
 0.0177 m
1 (1.6 x10 )(0.5)
W K 2mv 2
V   
q q q
2Vq 2(250)(1.6 x10 19 )
v   26
56,568 m/s
m 2.5 x10
Soal 4
Dua buah muatan q1 dan q2 ditembakkan dengan kecepatan v yang
sama dan dalam arah yang sama, yaitu tegak lurus medan magnet B
serbasama seperti pada gambar. Akibatnya muatan-muatan tersebut
bergerak melingkar dengan arah seperti pada gambar. Jika massa
muatan adalah sama, maka dapat disimpulkan:
a. q1 : muatan positif, q2 : muatan negative, dan |q1| > |q2|
b. q1 : muatan positif, q2 : muatan negative, dan |q1| < |q2|
c. q1 : muatan negatif, q2 : muatan positif, dan |q1| < |q2|
d. q1 : muatan negatif, q2 : muatan positif, dan |q1| > |q2|

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v B
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q1 q2
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Soal 5
Sebuah partikel bermassa m dan bermuatan +q bergerak dengan kecepatan v dalam
arah sumbu- x positif, di dalam ruang yang dipengaruhi oleh medan listrik E dalam
arah sumbu-y positif. Agar partikel bergerak lurus, maka partikel juga harus dalam
medan magnet B yang arahnya …..

a. Searah dengan sumbu y positif

b. Searah dengan sumbu y negative
c. Searah dengan sumbu z positif
d. Searah dengan sumbu x negatif
Charges moving in a wire
Up to this point we have focused our attention on
PARTICLES or CHARGES only. The charges could
be moving together in a wire. Thus, if the wire had a
CURRENT (moving charges), it too will experience a
force when placed in a magnetic field.

You simply used the RIGHT

HAND ONLY and the thumb
will represent the direction of
the CURRENT instead of the
velocity.
Charges moving in a wire
At this point it is VERY important that
you understand that the MAGNETIC
t
FB  qvB sin   FIELD is being produced by some
t EXTERNAL AGENT

q
FB  ( )(vt ) B sin 
t
FB  ILB sin 
The MAGNITUDE of the internal field
The magnetic field, B, is directly proportional
to the current, I, and inversely proportional
to the circumference.
1
B I B
2r
I
B
2r
 o  constant of proportion ality
 o  vacuum permeabili ty constant
 6 Tm
 o  4 x10 (1.26 x10 )
7

A
o I
Binternal 
2r
Soal 7
Sebuah kawat sepanjang l dan berarus i seperti pada gambar. Jika
dikanan kawat diletakkan muatan positif yang bergerak searah sumbu
y positif. Ke arah manakah gayayang dialami muatan tersebut

i v

B = -z
+ v = +y
l +y F = -x

+z +x
Soal 8
Gambar berikut adalah lintasan gerak sebuah elektron yang melewati
dua medan magnet seragam B1 dan B2

Medan magnet yang

manakah yang lebih kuat?
a. B1
b. B2
Soal 9
Gambar berikut adalah lintasan gerak sebuah elektron yang melewati
dua medan magnet seragam B1 dan B2

Kemanakah arah B1 ?
Soal 10
Gambar berikut adalah lintasan gerak sebuah elektron yang melewati
dua medan magnet seragam B1 dan B2

Kemanakah arah B2 ?
Tambahan:

• Fluks Magnet
• Induksi Magnetik: kawat lurus, kawat lingkaran, selenoida, toroida
• Sifat-sifat magnet suatu bahan