Sound Waves and Echoes

YEAR 11 PPT
 SOUND WAVES AND ECHOES
 They are longitudinal mechanical waves

 produced by a vibrating body

 Exhibit oscillatory to and fro motion

 Sources of sound all have some part that vibrates e.g a guitar(strings)

 Requires a material medium for its propagation

 EXPERIMENT SHOWING SOUND NEED A
MATERIAL MEDIUM FOR ITS PROPAGATION
• Can be transmitted through solids, liquids, gas
• Cannot be transmitted through a vaccum
 SPEED OF SOUND IN VARIOUS
MEDIUMS

Air 330 m/s

Water 1400 m/s

Concrete 5000 m/s

EXPERIMENT SHOWING HOW TO MEASURE
SPEED OF SOUND IN AIR

 Speed of sound in air = d/t

 SOUND

Human frequency range – 20Hz - 20,000Hz

Sound below 20Hz are known as infrasound

Sound above 20,000Hz are known as ultrasound

Form of wave energy

 PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES

o Can be Reflected (Echoes, Reverberation)

o Can be Refracted

o Can be Diffracted

o Can undergo Interference(Constructive & Destructive)

o Cannot be Polarised
 ECHOES

 Produced when sound waves are bounced back from a hard surface

 Echo Time is the total time taken for sound to travel and come back to its source

 Formula V= 2d/t
 USES OF SOUND WAVES(INFRA & ULTRA)

Ultrasound:
Cleaning

Fetal scanning

Sonar location
Infrasound:
Monitoring volcanic eruptions