What’s the matter with

Linear – Ribbon- Sprawl

Development
versus
Compact Community- TOD – Nodal
Growth - Smart Growth?

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 The presentation aims to present an
understanding on the land use development
issues and trends:

A. Development patterns and challenges

• Old- in between World Wars
• New- post war era development
B. Development Trends
C. Appreciation of urban planning and design
D. Appreciation of the CLUP Special Areas

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 Linear Development: Old

- “Linear development” refers to those developments

that are constructed in a linear fashion across the
landscape; i.e., power lines, roads, railways, pipelines (gas,
oil), telecommunications infrastructure and man-made
waterways. Linear development is often consequential to
other forms of commercial and industrial
development.

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 The following impacts is common to all types of
linear development:

• Fragmentation of land or forests, disturbing or

destroying wildlife habitat, migration corridors and other
environmentally sensitive areas;
• Damage to streams where the linear development crosses
waterways;
• Disruption to natural drainage systems;
• Potential for soil erosion, stream sedimentation and slope
stability issues

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 • Increases in noise levels and disturbance
• Introduction of weeds and non-native species
• Intrusion into wild previously untouched tracts of land,
including increased public access for recreationalists and
hunters; and
• Site clean-up and reclamation issues.

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 Ribbon Development :
- “ Ribbon development is the continuous row of urban
functions along a major highway as an effect of urban and
industrial dynamics irrespective of political and jurisdictional
boundaries.”-
-The building of houses along a main road, especially one leading
out of a town or village.
- https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ribbon_development
- Ribbon development is a line of buildings, served by individual
accesses, extending along a road, without accompanying
development of the land to the rear.
- https://www.planningni.gov.uk/index/policy/rural_strategy/psrni_regional_policies/psrni_d
esign/psrni_des07.htm 

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 Effects of a ribbon development:
• decrease roadway efficiency
- heavy vehicular traffic and other issues:
- parking vehicles along roadsides.
- RRROW encroachment.
- large number of advertisement cause driver
distraction
- Increased incidence of vehicular accidents leading
to deaths
- roadway hits (human and animal hits)
• unsustainable provision of public infrastructures and
utilities
• the loss of food producing land
• increased carbon footprints: Nitrous Oxides, GHG

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 Recommended controls for Ribbon
Development:
• Provision of Extra land width for future
development.
• Provision for service road for traffic, which is
purely local in character.
• Control of access.
• Control of building activities.
• Control of roadside advertisement.
• Prevention of encroachments and their speedy
removal.

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 Sprawl

- The term sprawl, as used by land developers, planners and

governmental institutions, critically describes a pattern of
low-density, often unsightly, automobile dependent
development that has been a common form of growth
outside of urban areas since at least World War II.

- The spread of development of land to suburban and rural

areas outside of their respective urban centers without the
benefit of systematic land use planning is one of the most
important characterizations of sprawl.

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 Urban growth pressures would cause residential units to locate to areas
where there is still an ample space ideal for comfortable living.
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 Urban Development Trends: Present

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 1. Compact Communities

have the following characteristics:

• housing, jobs, schools, recreation, and other daily
needs are within easy walking distance of one another;
• neighborhoods are well connected by an efficient
transit system (walkways, pathways, alleys, etc.) and
as many activities as possible are located within easy
walking distance of transit stops;
• a diversity of housing types enable citizens from a wide
range of economic levels and age groups to live
within the same neighborhood;

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 • the community has a center focus that combines
commercial, civic, cultural and recreational uses where
civic buildings and squares reinforce the identity of the
neighborhood;
• the community has lots of open space in the form of
squares, greens and parks whose frequent use (for social
activity and recreation) is encouraged through placement
and design;
• the design of streets serves equitably the needs of
pedestrians, bicycles and automobiles;
• architecture and landscape respond to the unique character
of the region and preserve the charm and unity of the
neighborhood as a whole.

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P R O V I N http://www.smartgrowthpa.org
CIAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
2. THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD)

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 The land in urban areas is used for many
different purposes:
• leisure and recreation - may include open land, eg
parks or built facilities such as sports centres
• residential - the building of houses and flats
• transport - road and rail networks, stations and
airports
• business and commerce - the building of offices, shops
and banks
• industry - factories, warehouses and small production
centres

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 Features that identify the CBD
                                               

• High/multi-storey buildings.
• Expensive land values.
• Department stores or specialist shops, like jewellers.
• Shopping malls and pedestrian precincts.
• Cultural/historical buildings,
museums and castles.
• Offices, finance, banks,
administration, town hall
(business sector).
• Bus and railway stations
(transport centres).
• Multi-storey car parks

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 The CBD is located in the centre because it
is:
• a central location for road/railways to converge
• the most accessible location for workers
• accessible to most people for shops and businesses

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 3. The TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

- creates mixed-use, dense, walkable communities that

encourage citizens to live, work, and
shop near transit, decreasing their dependence on cars.

‘Even if your community does not have an established public

transportation system you can still incorporate
several of the Transit Oriented Development design components
to create a vibrant, pedestrian friendly community.’

Source: CTAP Fact Sheets -Transportation Series

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 Key Components

• Walkable layout with pedestrians as the highest

priority
• Inclusive design for non-motorized transportation
(ex. bikes, scooters, rollerblades)
• Public transit station as prominent feature of
town center
• Collector support transit systems, including
trolley, streetcars, light rail, buses
• Reduced and managed parking within close
proximity to town center

Source: CTAP Fact Sheets -Transportation Series

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 Benefits/Applications
• Reduced need for driving and burning of fossil fuels
• Higher quality of life, better places to live, work, and
play
• Greater mobility and increased transportation options
• Reduced traffic congestion
• Improved public health by promoting walking, better
air quality
• Increased economic vitality, higher property values

Source: CTAP Fact Sheets -Transportation Series

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 Characteristics that support TOD

• Supportive market conditions—station areas must have

development potential
• Commitment to transit—state & local officials must
demonstrate clear, long term commitment to high
quality transit service and local policies must support
& encourage transit use
• Strong & respected local leadership—must come from
both the public & private sector

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 • Supportive public policies & tools—regulatory &
incentive based strategies must direct development
into transit corridors or encourage redevelopment that
generates pedestrian activity. Policies can include
station area plans; higher density, mixed use zoning;
design standards/guidelines; public investment policies;
and incentives

(Source: MA Smart Growth toolkit)

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 What about the
outlying growth areas,
the barangays?

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 NODAL DEVELOPMENT GROWTH

-involves concentrating
development in existing or
new centers and around
planned roadway and
intersection improvements at
a higher density than the
surrounding area. This allows
the land between nodes to
be used for lower density,
lower traffic land uses.

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 Key Components

- is generally found in more suburban/urban locations

and provides a mix of residential, commercial,
and service opportunities in a compact walkable
area.
- Nodes are often located at existing intersections or
community centers. The land between the nodes
remains relatively rural with limited commercial sites
and access points.

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 Benefits/Applications
One of the key benefits of nodal development is reduced
automobile trips by providing bicycle and pedestrian
amenities such as sidewalks, visible crosswalks,
streetscape improvements, and street furniture.

Nodal development can enhance community character

and sense of place by minimizing the spread of generic
sprawl and unifying development, making it easier to
achieve consistent design themes.

Safety is also improved by concentrating access points

within the nodes and limiting them along major
corridors to minimize potential conflict points.
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 The SMART GROWTH
- A developed urban area that creates sustainable
economic development and high quality of life by
excelling in multiple key areas; economy, mobility,
environment, people, living, and government.
Excelling in these key areas can be done so through
strong human capital, social capital, and/or ICT
infrastructure.
-
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/smart
city.html

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 -There is no fixed definition for what a smart city is. This is
because each city is different and each has different
challenges and priorities.
- Emine Mine Thompson - What makes a city ‘smart’?,
International Journal of Architectural Computing 2016,
Vol. 14(4) 358–371 © The Author(s) 2016

- definition and concept varies from city to city and has been
around since the 1990s ( Thompson,2016)

Three key players involved in the smart city concept: -

universities,
- industries, and
- local government
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 - is an effective integration of physical, digital and human
systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable,
prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens, is the
preferred definition for this study,(British Standards
Institution)

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 https://smartcity.org.hk/index.php/aboutus/background

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 -http://www.smartgrowthpa.org
- https://cardi.cals.cornell.edu/focal-areas/land-use/sprawl/definition

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 SPECIAL AREAS:

1. GREEN GROWTH
2. HERITAGE CONSERVATION
3. URBAN DESIGN
4. ANCESTRAL DOMAIN

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