• Political Science Notes

• Prepared by : Maaz Ur Rahman PSP

 Political system of China
• People's Republic of China
•1911 became Republic of China
•1949 Mao Zedong being Chairman of
Communist Party , overthrew Rule of
Imperialism ,Feudalism and Capitalism –
Kuomintang
•Democratic Revolution founded People's
Republic of China
• Hong Kong 1997 transferred to China from
Britain
• 1954 first Constitution
• Present Constitution 1982-supreme law -
adopted by 5th National People's Congress
 Features of Chinese Constitution
• Written Character – 138 articles
• Democratic Political system
• Unicameral Legislature--- People's National Congress
• Unitary System–
• Comprehensive Socialist System -Article 1 The PRC is a
socialist state under the peoples Democratic
Dictatorship led by the working class and based on the
alliances of working class and peasants –rely on
workers ,peasants ,and intellectuals ,equality ,unity and
mutual assistance ,combat local and national Chauvinism
• Socialist public ownership of the means of
production namely ,ownership by the whole
people and collective ownership by the
working people
• State owned economy ,protection of private
property
• Sovereignty of the people
• Democratic Centralism —Article 3 NPC and all
Local People's Congresses at different levels are
instituted through democratic elections
,responsible to people and to their supervision
,all administrative ,judicial and all procuratorial
organs of the state are created by the people,s
congresses to which they are responsible and
under whose supervision they operate
• Protection of Fundamental Rights
• Administrative Division --- country divided
into provinces ,autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the central
government
• Local Government
 National People's Congress
• Highest Organ of state – its Standing Committee is
its permanent body
• Legislative powers
• Direct election conducted by Standing Committee
• Tenure – 5 years
• Deputies
• Sessions – once a year or S committee call
• Elect presidium
 Powers and functions
• Amend the Constitution – proposed by SC or one-
fifth of deputies then approval by two-thirds
• Supervise its enforcement
• Legislation
• Elect President and Vice President
• Elect Premier
• Elect president of Supreme People's Court
• Approval of territory
• Power to recall or remove officials
 The Standing Committee
• Members – Chairman ,Vice chairman –for no
more than two consecutive terms , the
Secretary General and members
• SC elected by NPC for 5 years

• Interprets the Constitution and supervise its

enforcement
• Report to NPC
• Committees of NPC work under ST directions
 The President
• Elected by NPC
• Age 45 years
• For 5 years and two term ,NPC decide
• Appointments of Premier ,Vice Premier ,
• Proclaims war and peace
• Foreign Affairs
• Appoint ministers
• Diplomatic Representative
 The State Council
• Executive body
• The Premier , Vice Premier ,The State
Councillors , ministers in charge of ministries
• Education
• Science
• Technology
 Communist Party of China (CCP)
• One Party System
• Sole Governing Body
• Founded in 1921 by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao
• 1949 driven Kuomintang Nationalist
Government after Civil War and established
PRC
• Controls People's Liberation Army
• Slogan –Save the People
• Organized on the basis of Democratic
Centralism
• General Secretary – state President – Xi
Jinping
• Chairman of Central Military Commission
• Committed to Communism