Internship

Presentation
Research & Development
Presented To: Dr Iftikhar Ahmad
Presented By: Abdullah Ahmed
Registration#252290
Industrial Supervisor: Sir Irtiza
What is Steel

Steel is an alloy made up of iron with typically a few

tenths of a percent of carbon and some other elements
to improve its strength and fracture resistance
compared to other forms of iron .
 Types of Steel
The four main types are: Alloy steel:
Carbon steel: Alloy steel is steel to which other
The carbon content of steel is between 0.002% and 2.14% alloying elements(such as manganese,
by weight for plain carbon steel nickel, chromium, molybdenum, boron,
Stainless steel: titanium, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt,
• Stainless steel is the most resistant and commonly used and niobium) have been intentionally
steel of all the types. added to modify the characteristics of
• It apart from carbon contains 11% chromium and some steel
amount of nickel. It is probably the most resistant steel Tool steel:
of all the types. Tool steels contain tungsten,
• This steel is used in the making of crockery, wrist molybdenum, cobalt and vanadium in
watches, kitchen utensils, cutlery and surgical varying quantities to increase heat
equipment. resistance and durability, making them
ideal for cutting and drilling equipment.
Role of Zinc in Steel Industry
• Zinc is a blessing for steel. Without it, all
the steel buildings and bridges are at risk of
getting corroded away and collapsing.
• However, thin layers of zinc are added to
the steel to prevent rusting and protect it.
The process is called zinc galvanizing.
• The reason zinc is used out of all the
material is that it won’t oxidize when
exposed to water and air.
• It prevents the steel from getting corroded
by keeping the moisture away from the
steel.
Recycling of Zinc Ash obtained
from Dust Collector of Steel
Mill
Introduction:
● Zinc ash is byproduct of steel manufacturing process.
● It is collected in the Dust Collector Unit(DCU) in
powdered form
● It has slightly variable composition of zinc and zinc
oxide varying between 50-60% ,Chlorine(Chloride) 1-
10%, Carbon 10-15% and Cadmium below 1% and
some other impurities.

Objective:
Our main targe is to minimize the cadmium and chlorine
and Carbon content and maximizing the Zn Concentration
Process:
● Zinc ash sample was characterized using XRF
gun before treatment. The percentage of zinc ,
cadmium, Carbon and chlorides is noted. The
color of zinc ash is black due to carbon
concentration
● Treat the zinc ash using Pyrometallurgy process
in this way carbon content is reduced below 1%
● After Pyrometallurgy Treatment Color of zinc
ash becomes Yellowish
● Then it is washed with water to reduce chloride
and Cadmium concentration.
● And then dried
● In this way zinc ash is ready to be re used for
steel industry and cosmetic industry
Applications of Zinc Ash
● Zinc Ash be used as a raw material for
production of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride
and zinc oxide production by direct
method etc.
● Zinc ash mainly contains Zinc Oxide
which is widely used in plastics, silicate
products, synthetic rubber, lubricant,
paint coating, ointment, adhesives, food,
battery, flame retardants, and other
products.
● Zinc ash has also application in crops
also.