Governor

Governor

… is a device which automatically

controls or limits the speed of an
engine by adjusting the amount of
fuel put into the engine...
 Governor
Governor

… it adjusts the rate of fuel in such a

way to maintain the engine speed
steady despite changes in load ...
 Governor
Governor

… this achieved by first measuring

the speed and then adjusting the fuel
control lever of an engine...
 Governor
Governor

… there are basically 2 types of

governors…

• the mechanical governor, and

• the hydraulic governor
 Mechanical
Mechanical Governor
Governor
SPEEDER
SPRING

FLY WEIGHTS

BALL ARM

DRIVE SHAFT
GEAR

DRIVE SHAFT CONNECTED TO FUEL

FROM ENGINE PUMP TO INCREASE OR
REDUCE FUEL
Mechanical
Mechanical Governor
Governor

GOVERNOR
IN
EQUILIBRIUM
Mechanical
Mechanical Governor
Governor
LOAD
LOAD INCREASE
INCREASE

INCREASE FUEL
Mechanical
Mechanical Governor
Governor

GOVERNOR
IN
EQUILIBRIUM
Mechanical
Mechanical Governor
Governor
LOAD
LOAD DECREASE
DECREASE

REDUCE FUEL
Mechanical
Mechanical Governor
Governor

GOVERNOR
IN
EQUILIBRIUM
Elementary
Elementary Hydraulic
Hydraulic Governor
Governor

CONNECTED TO FUEL
PUMP TO INCREASE OR
REDUCE FUEL
Elementary
Elementary Hydraulic
Hydraulic Governor
Governor
LOAD
LOAD INCREASE
INCREASE

INCREASE FUEL
Elementary
Elementary Hydraulic
Hydraulic Governor
Governor

EQULIBRIUM
Elementary
Elementary Hydraulic
Hydraulic Governor
Governor
LOAD
LOAD DECREASE
DECREASE

REDUCE FUEL
Elementary
Elementary Hydraulic
Hydraulic Governor
Governor

EQULIBRIUM
Elementary
Elementary Hydraulic
Hydraulic Governor
Governor
WITH
WITH SPEED
SPEED DROOP
DROOP LEVER
LEVER

SPEED DROOP
LEVER
How many types of
governors are there ?
 Constant
Constant Speed
Speed Governor
Governor

… maintains the engine speed at a

single set value, from ‘no-load’ to
‘full-load’ conditions...
 Variable
Variable Speed
Speed Governor
Governor

… maintains the engine at any set

value, from ‘no-load’ to ‘full-load’
conditions...
 Speed
Speed Limiting
Limiting Governor
Governor

… does not control the speed but

checks that the engine does not
exceed the set value...
 Load
Load Limiting
Limiting Governor
Governor

… limits the load applied to the

engine at any given speed, thereby
preventing overloading...
Electric
Electric Load
Load Sensing
Sensing Governor
Governor

… senses the electrical load directly

and quickly adjust the fuel...
Some
Some important
important terms
terms associated
associated with
with governors
governors ...
...
 Speed
Speed Regulation
Regulation

… is the change in the engine’s sustained

or final speed when the load is changed
from zero to full or vice-versa, without
adjusting the governor

% speed (No load speed) - (Full load speed)

regulation = (Full load speed)
 Speed
Speed Droop
Droop

… is the change in governor rotating

speed, which causes the governor’s
output shaft to move from full open to
full close throttle position or vice-versa
 Isochronous
Isochronous Governor
Governor

… maintains the engine speed constant

irrespective of load changes (i.e. from
no-load to full-load)
 Hunting
Hunting

… is the repeated and rhythmic speed

fluctuation due to over control of the
governor
 Stability
Stability

… is the governor’s ability to maintain

speed with either constant or varying
loads without hunting
 Deadband
Deadband

… is the change in speed required

before the governor reacts.
… sometimes referred to as sensitivity
of a governor
 Promptness
Promptness

… is the speed at which the governor

reacts
 Work
Work Capacity
Capacity

… is the power of the governor as

shown by the work it can do at its
output shaft
 Corrective
Corrective Action
Action

… is initiated by the change in engine

speed. i.e. smaller the dead-band sooner the
governor will commence the corrective action after
the speed begin to change