Motion

Motion: A First Look

►Motion
►Change of an object’s position or orientation
with time.
►Path of motion
►Straight
►Curved (trajectory)
 Four Basic Types of Motion
1. Straight-line motion
2. Projectile motion
3. Circular motion
4. Rotational motion
 Changes in Position and Displacement
► 
Sample Problem
Sam is standing 50 meters (m) east of the corner of 12 th Street and
Vine. He then walks to a second point 150 m east of Vine. What is
Sam’s change in position?
 Change in Time
► 
 Stop to Think
Sarah starts at a positive position along the x-
axis. She then undergoes a negative
displacement. Her final position
A. Is positive
B. Is negative
C. Could be either positive or negative
Kinematics
►A branch of dynamics that
deals with aspects of motion
apart from considerations of
mass and force.
Distance vs.
Displacement
Distance
►Is a scalar quantity
►Has magnitude but no direction
►To get the total distance travelled by
a body, add all the distance travelled.
Displacement
►A vector quantity
►It has both magnitude and direction
►The distance between two positions
►Net displacement is the resultant of
all individual displacements.
 Liesa’s route can be divided into four displacement. These are:
A. 50 m W
B. 50 m N
C. 50 m W
D. 100 m S
Find:
a) Total distance traveled.
b) Find the displacement
 1. PEDRO 2. NENE
100 m @ East 50 m @ South
50 m @ North 100 m @ West
150 m @ West 50 m @ South
150 m @ South 200 m @ East

3. JUAN 4. ANTONIO
100 m @ South 100 m @ South
100 m @ East 100 m @ East
150 m @ North 150 m @ North
50 m @ West 200 m @ West
Speed and Velocity
Speed (v)
►Isa scalar quantity
►The rate at which something moves or travels
►No direction
►Example
►10 m/s
►9.00 x 106 km/h
Velocity (v)
►The rate of change in position along a straight
line with respect to time
►With direction
►Example
►3.00 x 108 m/s velocity of light
►10 m/s going north
 Identify whether the following is speed or
velocity
►20 mi/h
►55 m/s to Alabang
►150 rpm (revolution per minute)
►560 cm/min vertical toss
►100 km/h
Average Speed
►If we observe a moving body from one
place to another, we can qualitatively
describe its motion as “fast” or “slow,” or
we can give the distance the body has
traveled per unit of time, as its speed.
Thus,
► 
Sample Problems
 A person walks 13 km in 2.0 h. what is the person’s average
velocity in km/hr and m/s?
 The high-speed train travels from Paris to Lyons at an average velocity of
227 km/h. The trip takes 2 hours. How far is Lyons from Paris?
 At 1:00pm, a car, traveling at a constant velocity of 94 km/hr towards the
west, 17km to the west of your school. Where will it be at 3:30pm?
Instantaneous Speed/Velocity
►It is the speed or velocity at a particular instant of time.
►Can be measured by a speedometer
Speedometer
►An instrument in a car, truck, etc., that indicates how fast
the vehicle is going.
 Suppose that during your trip to school, you traveled
a distance of 5.0 kilometers and the trip lasted for 0.20
hours (12 minutes).
The average speed of your car is 25 km/hr. during
your trip there may have been times that you were
stopped and other times that your speedometer was
reading 50 km/hr. Yet, on average, you were moving
with a speed of 25 km/hr.
 Sample
Problems
 A runner won a 100m race in 10.54 seconds and a 200m race in 21.34 seconds. In which
race did she ran faster? Express your answer in m/s and km/hr?

100 m 200 m
V= d/t V= d/t
V= 100/10.54 V= 200/21.34
V= 9.49 m/s V= 9.37 m/s

D= 100m D= 200 m
T=10.54s T= 21.34 s
100 m is faster
Quiz
1/s crosswise
 Both car A and car B leave school when a clock reads zero. Car A travels at a constant 75.0 km/h, while
car B travels at 85.0 km/h.
► How far is car A from school when the clock reads 2.0 h?
► How far is car B from the school after 2.0 hours?
► Both cars passed a gas station 100 km from the school. When did car A pass the station? What about car B?
Acceleration
Acceleration (a)
►A vector quantity.
►It is the rate at which velocity changes.
►The unit of acceleration is meter per
second per second (m/s/s) or m/s2 ms-1
Velocity may change in any of these ways:

a) When the speed changes

b) When the direction of motion change
c) When both speed and direction of
motion change
In equation,
► 
 Change in speed is the difference
between the final speed, vf and the
initial speed,vi.
► 
Thus,
► 
Sample Problems
A jeepney driver drives faster and
faster backwards on a straight road
from 3 m/s to 12 m/s in a time
interval of two seconds. Determine
its acceleration.
A velocity time graph of a sprinter during a 100 m
dash. Find the sprinter’s average acceleration
between (a) 0.0 s to 1.0 s. (b) 2.0 s to 4.0 sec

Time (s) Velocity (m/s)

0 0
1 4
2 10
4 16
 How long does it take to
accelerate an object from
rest to 10 m/s if the
acceleration was 2 m/s ?
2
Carl started to run at 10 km/hr when
he left his house. He arrived at
school 30 min. later. How fast was
he running when he arrived there?
Assume that his average acceleration
was 30 km/hr ?2
 Gracia is riding a bike with a speed of
15 m/s. a cat runs across her way which
caused her to slow down to 5 m/s in 4
seconds.
a) Find her acceleration
b) Describe her motion
Displacement, Velocity,
and Acceleration
 The distance traveled by a moving object
is much easier to measure than its velocity.
For this reason, we will develop three
equations that relate the displacement into
other quantities we used to describe motion
– time, velocity and acceleration.
Equations for Time, Velocity,
and Acceleration
Displacement when Velocity and Time are
Known

d = ½ (vf + vi)t
Displacement when Acceleration and Time
are Known

d = vit + ½ at 2
Displacement when Velocity and Acceleration
are Known

V = vi + 2ad
f
2 2
Sample Problems
An airplane starts from rest and
accelerates at a constant 3 m/s 2

for 30 sec. before leaving the

ground. What is its displacement
during this time?
 A car starting from rest
accelerates uniformly at 6
m/s for 7 sec. How far
2

does the car move?

An airplane must reach a
velocity of 71 m/s for take off.
If the runway is 1.0 km long,
what must the constant
acceleration be?
What is the displacement of a
train as it is accelerated
uniformly from 11 m/s to 33
m/s in a 20 sec. interval?
A bike rider accelerates
constantly to a velocity of 7.5
m/s during 4.5 s. The bike’s
displacement is 19 m. What
was the initial velocity of a
bike?
 Starting from rest, a race
car moves 110m in the first 5
sec of uniform acceleration.
What is the car’s
acceleration?