SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS BY SUBSTITUTION
Many problems may be reduced to the case
of variables seperables by simple substitution.
If the form of an equation indicates that the
two expressions play a prominent role, it may be
helpful to to introduce two new variables.
Rules: How to solve differential equation by
means of substitution
1. Write the substitution equation.
2. Differentiate the substitution equation.
3. Eliminate all but two unknowns from the
given differential equation.
4. Solve the result (integrate using variables
seperable).
5. Replace the new variables in term of the old
variables and simplify.
EXAMPLES:
1. x√xy dy + y √xy dx = dy
1 + xy y
Let z = √xy √xy (xdy + ydx) = dy
z²= xy 1 + xy y
2zdz = xdy + ydx z (2zdz) = dy
1 + z² y
2 z²dz = dy
1 + z² y
2 ∫ z²dz = ∫ dy
1 + z² y

2∫1- 1 dz = Lny + c
1 + z²