EMERGING

NATIONALI
SM
  Episcopal visitation- an official pastoral visit conducted
by the bishop on a diocese to examine the conditions of
a congregation; often done once every three years
 Garrote- an apparatus used for capital punishment in

DEFINITION which an iron collar is tightened around a condemned

person’s neck

OF TERMS  Polo- system of forced labor that required Filipino

males from 16 to 60 years old to render service for a
period of 40 days
 Tributo- system of taxation imposed by Spanish
colonial government on the Filipinos in order to
generate resources for the maintenance of the colony
Cavite Mutiny

-On January 20, 1872, approximately 250 Filipino

soldiers and workers rose in revolt at an arsenal in
Cavite. 11 Spaniards were killed.

-An immediate assault by government forces put an end

to the uprising after three days

- Two reasons were believed to have fueled the Mutiny.

The recent decree proclaimed by Governor-General
Rafael de Izquierdo (that the arsenal workers would no
longer be exempt from the tribute and polo) and a larger
movement with aim of overthrowing the Spanish
government and asserting independence
 Official reports claimed that the leaders of the mutiny
had expected the support of close to 2000 men from
regiments based in both Cavite and in Manila.

 The plan was to begin the revolt after midnight in

Manila with rebels setting fires in Tondo to distract the
authorities. A signal by way of fireworks would then be
sent to the rebels in Cavite who would then lay siege to
the arsenal
 However, the mutiny in Cavite began earlier in the
evening and many who pledged support defected and
vowed loyalty to Spain. Ultimately, the mutiny failed.
 Among those who clamored for reforms were Filipino
secular priests.
  The failed mutiny in Cavite resulted in a vast retaliation
of the Spanish government in different parts of the
Philippines
 By the orders of then Governor-General Izquierdo,
EXECUTION several priests and laymen were arrested including
Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora,
OF Jose Guevarra, Pedro Dandan, Anacleto Desiderio
 Among the businessmen arrested were Gervacio

GOMBURZA Sanchez, Pedro Carillo, Maximo Inocencio, Balbino

Mauricio and Ramon Maurente. These Filipinos were
sentenced to varying terms of exile in Guam
 On the other hand, the GOMBURZA priests were
condemned to death by Garrote on February 15, 1872
 Although the public execution of the three priests was
meant to instill fear in the Filipinos, it had the opposite
effect. In his work, La Revolucion Filipina, Apolinario
Mabini stated:
‘’The friars wanted to make an example of Burgos and
his companions so that the Filipinos should be afraid to
go against them from then on. But that patent injustice,
that official crime, aroused not fear but hatred of the
friars’’