RIZAL IN MANILA

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RIZAL IN ATENEO
AND UST
 ⬗ Francisco Mercado sent Rizal in Manila
to study in Ateneo Municipal (Escuela
Pia).
⬗ On June 10, 1872, he took up the entrance
exam four months after the GOMBURZA’s
execution.
⬗ He took up a six-year program Bachiller en
Artes.
⬗ Students in Ateneo were grouped into
two: Romans and Carthaginians.
3 ⬗ Due to his seriousness and perseverance in
 ⬗ While studying in Ateneo he showed
his academic excellence.
⬗ He passed his oral examination on
March 14, 1877.
⬗ He graduated with a degree of
Bachiller en Artes with highest
honors.

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 RIZAL IN UST
⬗ The father of Rizal, Don Francisco,
sent him to study at UST but Doña
Teodora, opposed letting Rizal
study at UST.
⬗ Rizal pursued his education and
enrolled at UST.
⬗ In 1877-1878, he took up the course of
Philosophy and Letters.

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 RIZAL IN UST
⬗ He also took up the vocational
course in Ateneo gave him the title
as perito agrimensor.
⬗ Rizal shifted his course to Medicine
when he was a second year student.
⬗ He did not show an impressive
academic excellence in Medicine
unlike to Philosophy and Letters.

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 • Jose Rizal finished his 4th year of medical
course in the University of Sto. Tomas yet he was
very much disgusted due to out-dated
instruction and racial prejudice to Filipino
Students.
• In 1882, Rizal and Paciano made a secret pact –
Rizal would go to Europe to complete his
medical course there and prepare himself for
the great task of liberating the country from
7 Spanish tyranny.
 RIZAL IN EUROPE
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Rizal’s First
trip in europe
 • Rizal conceived the Observe keenly the life
secret mission, with and culture, languages
the blessing of his and customs, industries
and commerce and
brother Paciano was governments and laws of
to do the following: the European nations in
order to prepare himself
for the task of liberating
his people from Spanish
Tyranny.
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 Rizal’s First trip abroad
• May 3, 1882 – Rizal left the Philippines
for Spain. He boarded the Salvadora
using a passport of Jose Mercado.
• He was only 20 years old and as a
young man, he was very observant
and eager to interact with foreign
nationals.
• He made sketches of his fellow
passengers and of the things that he
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 Rizal’s First trip abroad
• June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona. He
arrived during the summer vacation so he
was able to meet up with his former
classmates in Ateneo.
• His classmates organized a welcome party
for him at a coffee house in Plaza
Cataluña.
• In this city, Rizal found time to write an essay
entitled “El Amor Patrio” (Love of Country). This
essay was published on August 20, 1882 in
Rizal in madrid
• After summer vacation, Rizal moved in Madrid.
• November 3, 1882 – He enrolled in Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters at the Universidad
Central de Madrid.
• Academia de San Carlos – took lessons in
painting and sculpture.
• Madrid Ateneo – classes in French, English,
German
• Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell – fencing and
shooting class.
Rizal in madrid
• In January of 1883, Rizal wrote
to his family and informed them
that: “I am now studying
Italian and have made a bet that I
shall be able to speak it in two
months.” (Guerrero, 2010)
Rizal in madrid
• June 21, 1884 – Rizal was awarded with the
degree and title of Licentiate in Medicine
for passing the medical examinations.
• With this title, he was able to practice
medicine.
• The next year, he passed all his subjects
leading to a Doctorate of Medicine but
the degree was not given to him because he
failed to pay the fee required to defend
Rizal in madrid
• Rizal also took examinations in Greek,
Latin and World History.
• He won the first prize in Greek and
after which he delivered a speech in
honor of the two Filipino painters:
Juan Luna (won his painting
Spolarium) and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo.
• A grade of “excellent” in history.
Rizal in madrid
• In between his studies, Rizal made time to
meet fellow Filipinos in Madrid known as
ilustrados.
• Circulo Hispano-Filipino - It is an association
formed by Filipino students in Spain
composed both Filipinos and Spaniards.
• Members held informal programs with
activities like poetry-reading and
debates.
• Rizal was asked to write a poem. He
Rizal in madrid
• January 2, 1884 – In one of the Filipino
reunions at the house of Pedro Paterno.
Rizal proposed the writing of a novel
about the Philippine society.
• The group approved the project but
this plan did not materialized.
• It was in Madrid that he was able to
write the first half of his novel, Noli Me
Tangere.
Rizal in madrid
• June 19, 1885 – He obtained the
degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras
(Licentiate in Philosophy and
Letters) from the Universidad
Central de Madrid with a rating
of sobresaliente.
Rizal in madrid
• While in Madrid, Rizal was exposed to
liberal ideas through the masons that
he met. He was impressed with the
masons’ view about knowledge and
reasoning and how they value
brotherhood.
• November 15, 1890 – Rizal joined the
Masonry and became a Master Mason at
the Lodge Solidaridad.
Rizal in France to Germany
PARIS, FRANCE
• Rizal specialized in ophthalmology
and trained under the leading
ophthalmologists in Europe like Dr.
Louis de Weckert whom he worked
as a clinical assistant from October
1885 to March 1886.
Rizal in France to Germany
BERLIN, GERMANY
• Rizal mastered the German
language and wrote a paper entitled
Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical
Art).
• He also translated Schiller’s
William Tell into Tagalog in 1886.
Rizal in France to Germany
HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
• He worked under the distinguished
ophthalmologists Dr. Javier
Galezowsky and Dr. Otto Becker in
University Eye Hospital.
• He experienced the feeling of
nostalgia for his parents and his
country, Rizal wrote the poem "A Las
Flores de Heidelberg”.
Rizal in France to Germany
BERLIN, GERMANY
• Rizal befriended different scholars
like Fredrich Ratzel, a German
historian.
• Through his friend Ferdinand
Blumentritt, he was able to meet
Feodor Jagor and Hans Virchow,
anthropologists who were doing
studies on Philippine culture.
Rizal in France to Germany
Reasons for staying in Berlin
• to gain further knowledge in
ophthalmology
• to further his studies of sciences and
languages
• to observe the economic and political
conditions of the German nation
• to associate with famous German
scientists and scholars
Rizal in France to Germany
Winter of 1886 in Berlin
• It was Rizal’s darkest winter
because no money arrived from
Calamba and he was flat broke.
The diamond ring which his
sister, Saturnina, gave him was in
the pawnshop.
 Rizal in France to Germany
BERLINER
BUCHDRUCKREIACTION-
He finished Noli Me
GESSELSCHAFT
Tangere on February 21,
a printing shop which 1887 and was published
charged the lowest rate.
on March 21, 1887 with
• Maximo lent him P5,300 financial help from his
to finance the first 2000 friend Maximo Viola.
copies of the novel
Rizal in France to Germany
This book inspired Dr.
Harriet Beecher Rizal to prepare a
Stowe’s novel that would
UNCLE TOM’S depict the miseries of
CABIN his people under the
lash of Spanish
tyrants.
Rizal in France to Germany
• He sent one copy to Prof.
Ferdinand Blumentritt.
Noli Me In a letter of his Austrian
Tangere friend, he say it was the first
impartial and daring book
to be written on the life of
the Tagalogs. He opened
that the Spanish
authorities and the friar
Rizal in France to Germany
The title Noli Me
Tangere is a Latin phrase
which means “Touch
Noli Me Tangere Me Not”.
It is not originally
conceived by Rizal, for
he admitted taking it
from the Bible.
 Rizal’s home coming
• August 8, 1887 - After 5 years in Europe, Rizal went home to
Calamba.
• He spent time with the members of his family who were
delighted to see him again.
• He also kept himself busy by opening a medical clinic
and curing the sick.
• He came to be known to be Doctor Uliman as he was
mistaken for a German.
• His vacation was cut short because he was targeted by
the friars who were portrayed negatively in his novel
Noli Me Tangere.
 Rizal’s home coming
• August 30, 1887 - Rizal left Calamba for Manila to see
Governor-General on the issue of the Noli Me
Tangere which caused torment among the friars in
the Philippines.
• Governor-General Terrero asked him for a copy
and Rizal, after a few days looking for copy,
handed him a worn out one.
• On the same date, the Calustro Universitario
formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon the
order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued an
Rizal’s home coming
• February 3, 1888 - Rizal, after staying in
the Philippines for almost six months,
left Manila for Hongkong, bringing
with him P5,000 which he earned from
his medical practice.
Rizal in hongkong
• February 19, 1888 - with Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz
de Veranda and some Portuguese, Rizal left
Hongkong for Macao on board the Kui Kiang. In
Macao, they lived in the house of Juan Lecaroz.
Rizal went around for observation, especially
the botanical garden.
• February 22, 1888 - after staying in Hong Kong for
almost two weeks, he left for Japan on board the
Oceanic.
Rizal lay-over trips
• Rizal in Japan
• Rizal in America
• Rizal Bound for England
• Rizal in London
• Rizal in Paris
• Rizal back in Spain
Rizal’s second
trip in europe
 Rizal back in europe
• Rizal became more active in the
Propaganda Movement with fellow
ilustrados (Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce and Trinidad Pardo de
Tavera).
• He became preoccupied with writing
articles and essays which were
published in the Propaganda
Movement’s newspaper – La Solidaridad.
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 Rizal back in europe
• Propaganda Movement campaigned for 3
reforms:
1. For the Philippines to become made a
province of Spain so that the native
Filipinos would have equal rights
accorded to Spaniards.
2. Representation of the Philippines in the
Spanish cortes
3. Secularization of the parishes
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 Rizal’s Intellectual works in
europe
• Annotation of Antonio de
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
(1890)
• He showed that even before
the coming of the Spaniards,
the Filipinos already had a
developed culture.
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 Rizal’s Intellectual works in
europe
• Essay entitled “Sobre la Indolencia
de los Filipinos” (On the Indolence
of the Filipinos 1890)
• He attributed the Filipinos’
“indolence” to different
factors such as climate and
social disorders.
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 Rizal’s Intellectual works in
europe
• Essay he wrote strongly called
for reforms – Filipinas Dentro de
Cien Años (The Philippines a
Century Hence).
• published parts from 1889 to
1890.

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Rizal in Belgium
• By July 1891, while in Brussels, Rizal
completed his second novel,
El Filibusterismo which was published
on September 18, 1891 through the
help of his friend, Valentin Ventura.
• Compared with his Noli, Rizal’s El Fili
was more radical with its narrative
portrayed of a society on the verge
of a revolution.
Rizal second coming home
• In 1892, Rizal decided to return to
the Philippines thinking that the
real struggle was in his homeland.
• June 26, 1892 – Rizal arrived in the
Philippines. He visited his friends in
Central Luzon and encouraged them
to join the La Liga Filipina – a socio-
civic organization that Rizal
established on July 3, 1892.
Rizal second coming home
• Unfortunately, just a few days after
the La Liga’s formation, Rizal was
arrested and brought to Fort
Santiago on July 6, 1892.
• He was charged with bringing with
him from Hong Kong leaflets
entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars),
a satire against the rich Dominican
friars and their accumulation of
wealth which was against their
 REFERENCES
Textbook:
⬗ The life and works of Rizal (Rhodalyn Wani-Olbis,
Aaron Abel Mallari, Jonel Reguindin-Estrella) pp. 46-51

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