Professional Documents
Culture Documents
( Discrete
( Discrete Fourier
Fourier Transform,
Transform, DFT
DFT )
)
离散时间线性系统 数字信号处理
Outline
Sampling in
time domain
Introduction
Time Domain
Analysis of
Discrete Time
Signal and Frequency
System Domain and
z Domain
离散时间线性系统 2 数字信号处理
Outline
Sampling in
Time Domain
Discrete Fourier Series
Introduction 绪论
x ( n)
DFS
X (k ) x(n)
DTFT
X (e j )
X (k )
Discrete x(n) x(n) X (e j )
time signal
n k n
离散时间线性系统 4 数字信号处理
Time Domain : x(n) x (n)
Relationship
?
Sequence with finite length of N Periodic sequence with period
N
x(n)
0 n
~
x ( n)
… …
0 n
x(n) x (n) RN (n) Main value sequence of x ( n)
x (n) x(n rN ) x((n))
r
N
period extension of x(n)
离散时间线性系统 5 数字信号处理
Frequency X (k ) X (k )
Domain : Relationship ?
X (k ) X (k ) RN (k )
X (k ) X (k rN ) X ((k ))
r
N
1 n 0,1,..., N 1
RN (n)
0 其他
remainder operation , namely n to N to
n The
N find the remainder
x 8 8
8 to 8 remainder is equal to 0
x 8 8 x(0)
x 9 8 x 8 1 8
9 to 8 remainder is equal to 1
x 9 8 x(1)
离散时间线性系统 6 数字信号处理
x(n) x (n) x (n) RN ( n)
X (k ) X (k ) RN (k )
0~ n
x ( n)
… …
x (n) x(( n)) N
0 n X (k ) X ((k )) N
N 1 2
j nk
X (k ) x (n)e N
DFS n0
2
Finite-length sequence 1 N 1 j nk
frequency domain x ( n) X ( k )e N
analysis method N k 0
离散时间线性系统 7 数字信号处理
7
DFT positive and inverse transformation of finit
e-length sequences
N 1
X (k ) DFT [ x(n)] x (n)WNnk 0 k N 1
n 0
1 N 1
x( n) IDFT [ X (k )] X (k )WN nk 0 n N 1
N k 0
N 1
or: X (k ) x (n)WNnk RN (k ) X (k ) RN (k )
n 0
1 N 1
x(n) X (k )WN nk RN (n) x (n) RN (n)
N k 0
2
j
where: WN e N
离散时间线性系统 8 数字信号处理
DFT
N 1
x (n) X (k ) DFT [ x (n)] x( n)WNnk X (k )
n 0 Discrete spectrum
Sequence with
finite length of N with finite length of
N
N discrete values N discrete values
(time domain DFT (discrete
sequence) spectrum)
x ( n) X (k )
0 1 2 3 4 N-1 01 2 3 4 N-1 k
n
离散时间线性系统 99 数字信号处理
Relationship between N-point DFT and DTFT
N 1
X (e j ) DTFT x(n) x ( n ) e j n
x ( n ) e j n
n n 0
N 1 N 1 2
j nk
X (k ) DFT [ x(n)] x( n)W nk
N x( n)e N
n 0 n0
X (e j ) 2 k 0k N
X (k ) N
0 otherwise
X ( ) 2
2 2
3 1 2
0
N 8
N
4
k=0
3 3
2
5 7(k=N-1)
6
X ( e ) 2 k
j
0k N
X (k ) N
0 otherwise
2 k 2 k
k 0,1,..., 7
N 8
离散时间线性系统 11 数字信号处理
Example
Problem: Find the 8-point and 16-point DFT for the given
sequence x(n) R4 (n)
Solution:find the DTFT for x n
3
Xe j
x n e j n
e j n
1 e j 4
n n 0 1 e j
e j 2 e j 2 e j 2
j j 2 j
e 2
e e 2
3
j sin 2
e 2
sin / 2
离散时间线性系统 12 数字信号处理
Example—find 8-point DFT (Method 1)
find 8-point DFT for x n N 8
X k X e j 2
k
8
2
3 sin 2 k
j k
e 24 8 The N-point DFT of x(n) is an
equally spaced sampling of
1 2 N points of the DTFT of x(n)
sin k over the interval [0, 2π]
2 8
3 sin k
j k
e 8 2
sin k
8
离散时间线性系统 13 数字信号处理
Example—find 8-point DFT (Method 2)
find 8-point DFT for x n N 8
7 3 2
j kn
X k x(n)W 8
nk
e 8
n 0 n 0
j k j k j k
j k
1 e e 2
e 2
e 2
j k j k j k j k
1 e 4
e e 8 8
e 8
3 sin k
j k
e 8 2
sin k
8
k 0,1, , 7
离散时间线性系统 14 数字信号处理
Example—find 16-point DFT (Method 1)
find 16-point DFT for x n N 16
X k X e j 2
k
16
2
3 2 sin 2 k
j k
16
e 2 16
1 2
sin k
2 16
3 sin k
e
j k
16 4
sin k
16
离散时间线性系统 15 数字信号处理
Example—find 16-point DFT (Method 2)
find 16-point DFT for x n N 16
15 3 2
j kn
X k x (n)W 8
nk
e 16
n 0 n 0
j k j k j k j k
1 e 2
e 4
e 4
e 4
j k j k j k j k
1 e 8
e 16
e 16
e 16
3 sin k
j k
e 16 4
sin k
16
k 0,1, ,15
离散时间线性系统 16 数字信号处理
References
1 、程佩青,《数字信号处理教程(第四版)》,清华大学出版社, 2015.
2 、唐向宏、孙闽红,《数字信号处理——原理、实现与仿真(第二版)》,高
等教育出版社, 2014.
3 、唐向宏、岳恒立、孙闽红,《数字信号处理实践教程》,高等教育出版社,
2013.
4 、 A.V.Oppenheim 、 R.W. Schafer ,《离散时间信号处理(第 3 版)》(英
文版) , 电子工业出版社, 2011.
5 、 J. G.Proakis , D.G. Manolakis ,《数字信号处理:原理、算法与应用(第
4 版)》(英文版),电子工业出版社, 2013.
6 、 V.K. Ingle 、 J.G. Proakis ,《数字信号处理——应用 MATLAB (第三
版)》(英文影印版),科学出版社, 2016.
7 、 S. Poornachandra 、 B. Sasikala ,《数字信号处理》(英文影印版),科
学出版社, 2012.
8 、 James McNames 教授的讲义 http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~mcnames/
离散时间线性系统 17 数字信号处理
南京信息工程大学
Thank you
离散时间线性系统 18 数字信号处理