GROUP ACTIVITES

MEETING 3

MORPHOLOGY
TASK MEETING 3 : GROUP WORK ACTIVITY
Subject : INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS (PBI18)
Lecturer : Refika Andriani, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.
Task by Group 3 : 1. Erbina Meilani (2088203049)
2. Resti (2088203043)
Group Matery : Morphology
Class/Majors/Semester : 3.2/English Education/III (Three)
Day/Date : Thursday/October 4, 2021
A. INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGY

English Morphology is one of the subjects given to

the students of English Department since it is one of
linguistics branches. Morphology is one of the linguistics
branches studying about words. English Morphology
actually plays an important role in teaching English as a
second language in the class.
B. MORPHEMES ROOT, BASE, AND STEMS
Words are made up of roots, bases, stems, derivational endings,
inflectional endings, and occasionally clitics. Not everyone agrees on
these forms or on the names of them.
A root differs partially from a stem in that a stem must have lexical
meaning.
A root has no lexical meaning and the semantic range of the root is
vague if there is any at all. A stem may contain derivational affixes.
Consider the following nouns, adjectives and verbs in English: car, book,
buy, sell, eat, type, run, play, dog, cat, mouse.
All roots are bases, but not all bases are roots. Roots are
monomorphemic. For many words in English, root = base = stem:cat,
dog, see, happy, run, gray, hope, up, over, if, under, that.
C. INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES

• What is Inflectional Morphology?

Inflectional morphology is the study of the processes that distinguish the
forms of words in certain grammatical categories. This includes processes such as
affixation and vowel change, which create inflectional morphemes. An inflectional
morpheme is a suffix that’s added to a word to assign a particular grammatical
property to that word, such as its number, mood, tense, or possession.
However, an inflectional morphology can never change the grammatical
category of a word. You can add an inflectional morphology to a verb, noun,
adjective, or an adverb.
For example, adding a ‘-s’ to the verb plural verb ‘run’ can make this verb
singular. Similarly, adding ‘-ed’ to the verb dance creates the past tense of the
verb ‘danced’.
• What is Derivational Morphology?
Derivational morphology is the study of the formation of new words that
differ either in syntactic category or in meaning from their bases. Thus, a
derivational morpheme is an affix we add to a word in order to create a new
word or a new form of a word. Moreover, a derivational morpheme can
either change the meaning or the grammatical category of the word.
Example:
Change in Meaning
Leaf → Leaflet
Pure →Impure
 
Change in Grammatical Category
Help (verb) → Helper (noun)
Logic (noun) → Logical (adjective)
 
As seen from the above examples, derivational morphemes change either
the meaning or the category of the original words, forming new words.
These words are, thus, found under new entries in dictionaries.
• What is the Difference Between Inflectional and
Derivational Morphology?
Inflectional morphology is the study of the modification
of words to fit into different grammatical contexts whereas
derivational morphology is the study of the formation of
new words that differ either in syntactic category or in
meaning from their bases. Therefore, this is the principle
difference between inflectional and derivational
morphology. Moreover, in usage, the difference between
inflectional and derivational morphology is that the
inflectional morphemes are affixes that merely serve as
grammatical markers and indicate some grammatical
information about a word whereas derivational morphemes
are affixes that are capable of either changing the meaning
or the grammatical category of the word.
• Why use morphology?
Teaching morphemes unlocks the structures and meanings
within words. It is very useful to have a strong awareness
of prefixes, suffixes and base words. These are often spelt
the same across different words, even when the sound
changes, and often have a consistent purpose and/or
meaning.