Tit MULTICORE PROCESSOR

TECHNOLOGY
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
PRESENTED BY
NAME : ANJALI NAIK
ROLLNO: 18E31A0436
 INDEX
 I N T R O D U C T I O N TO M U LT I C O R E P R O C E S S O R S

 H I S TO RY O F M U LT I C O R E P R O C E S S O R S

 A R C H I T E C T U R E O F M U LT I C O R E P R O C E S S O R S

 C O M PA R I S O N S O F D I F F E R E N T A R C H I T E C T U R E S

 P E R F O R M A N C E A N A LY S I S

 A D VA N TA G E S

 D I S A D VA N TA G E S

 A P P L I C AT I O N S

 CONCLUSION

 FUTURE ASPECT
 ADVANTAGES
 Multitasking productivity.

 PC security.

 It will work faster for certain programs.

 The computer needs less power because it can turn off sections that are not needed.

 The signals between different CPUs travel shorter distances, therefore they degrade
less.

 More features can be added to the computer.

 The computer may not get as hot when it is turned on.

 DISADVANTAGES
 They do not work at twice the speed as a normal processor. They get only 60-80% more
speed.

 The speed that the computer works at depends on what the user is doing with it.

 They cost more than single core processors.

 They are more difficult to manage thermally than lower-density single-core processors.

 Not all operating systems support more than one core.

 Operating systems compiled for a multi-core processor will run slightly slower on a single-
core processor.
 CONCLUSION
In the next years the trend will go on to multicore processors .The
main reason is that they are faster than single core processors and they
still can be improved. But in the future there will be still some
applications for single core processors because not every system needs
a fast processor.
 FUTURE ASPECT
 Next generation software applications will require the performance capacity
provided by multicore processors . Software destined to break barriers in the user
experience like as

 Voice recognition .

 Artificial Intelligence (AI).

 APPLICATIONS
 Video editing.

 Encoding.

 3D GAMING.

 Powerful graphics solution.

 Optimized productivity titles , such as AVG’s virus scanning software

 High graphic games like as Overwatch, Star Wars Battlefront, and 3D games

 Smar t phones, laptops, desktops, and tablets.

 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Quadcore

Triple core

Dualcore

Singlecore

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Games Applications Synthetics

 SINGLE-CORE PROCESSOR

 A single-core processor is a microprocessor with a single core on a chip, running

and computing a single thread at any one time.

 The system of single-core consumes a considerable amount of time by doing so.

 A major improvement occurred after the emergence of multi-core processors which

have several independent processors on a single chip and can perform many
functions at a time
 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Machine vision

CAD systems

CNC machines

Automated test systems

Motion control
Suppor tive Operating Systems are:
Microsoft Windows (Windows XP or above)

Linux

Mac OS X

Most BSD-based systems

 ABSTRACT
 Microprocessors have revolutionized the world we live in and continuous efforts are being
made to manufacture not only faster chips but also smarter ones. A number of techniques
such as data level parallelism, instruction level parallelism and hyper threading (Intel's
HT) already exists which have dramatically improved the performance of microprocessor
cores.

 This paper briefs on evolution of multi-core processors followed by introducing the

technology and its advantages in today's world. The paper concludes by detailing on the
challenges currently faced by multi-core processors and how the industry is trying to
address these issues.
EXAMPLES OF MULTCORE PROCESSORS
 HOMOGENOUS MULTICORE PROCESSOR

In which, all identical processor cores can support same instruction set architecture (ISA).

For example – MPC41, Intel Core Duo .

HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS

In which, all non-identical processor cores can support different instruction set architecture
(ISA).

For example – Intel CE 2110 Media because it is comprised of Intel Xscale processor core
and an Intel Micro Signal Architecture (MSA) DSP core .
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURES
THANK YOU
 INTRODUCTION TO MULTI CORE PROCESSORS
 A multi-core processor  is a computer processor on a single  
integrated circuit with two or more separate  processing units,
called cores, each of which reads and executes  program
instructions.

 The instructions are ordinary  CPU instructions (such as add,

move data, and branch) but the single processor can run
instructions on separate cores at the same time, increasing
overall speed for programs that support  multithreading or other  
parallel computing techniques.
  Manufacturers typically integrate the cores onto a single integrated circuit  die (known as a chip
multiprocessor or CMP) or onto multiple dies in a single  chip package. The microprocessors
currently used in almost all personal computers are multi-core.

 A multi-core processor implements  multiprocessing in a single physical package. Designers may

couple cores in a multi-core device tightly or loosely.

 The terms  multi-core  and dual-core  most commonly refer to some sort of  central processing unit
 (CPU), but are sometimes also applied to  digital signal processors (DSP) and  system on a chip
 (SoC).

 The terms  many-core  and massively multi-core  are sometimes used to describe multi-core
architectures with an especially high number of cores (tens to thousands).
 DEVELOPMENT
 While manufacturing technology improves, reducing the size of individual gates, physical
limits of semiconductor-based microelectronics have become a major design concern.
These physical limitations can cause significant heat dissipation and data synchronization
problems.
 Various other methods are used to improve CPU performance. Some  instruction-level
parallelism (ILP) methods such as  superscalar pipelining are suitable for many
applications, but are inefficient for others that contain thread-level parallelism (TLP
difficult-to-predict code.
 Many applications are better suited to  ) methods, and multiple independent CPUs are
commonly used to increase a system's overall TLP.
 A combination of increased available space (due to refined manufacturing processes) and
the demand for increased TLP led to the development of multi-core CPUs.
 HISTORY OF MULTICORE PROCESSOR
 When the first chip-based processors were manufactured, the

companies making these chips could only fit one processor on a single
chip. As the chip-making technology improved, it became possible for
chip makers to make chips with more circuits, and eventually, the
manufacturing technology reached the point where chip makers could
manufacture chips with more than one processor and created the
multi-core chip.

 Kunle Olukotun, a Stanford Electrical Engineering professor, and

his students designed the first multi-core chip in 1998.In 2001, IBM
introduced the world’s first multicore processor, a VLSI (very-large-
scale integration) chip with two 64-bit microprocessors comprising
more than 170 million transistors.
 WHY “MORE” CORES & WHAT DOES IT MEAN ?

 In the 1990s the performance of a microprocessor went hand in hand with the microprocessor frequency ,

however with rapid improvements in the chip architecture the increase in performance as a result of increased
frequency which itself flattened overtime, started becoming obsolete when it came to uni-core processors.

 To put it in simple terms the speed at which a computer runs programs can be said to be proportional to the
number of cores present. A two — core processor is called dual core , a four core processor is called quad core
and so on.

 The time it takes a processor to finish a calculation is a cycle. The more cycles per second, the faster the
processor can do its calculations. Most processors today are measured in gigahertz or a billion cycles per second.

 A 2 gigahertz processor runs 2 billion cycles per second, similarly one that’s 2.3 gigahertz runs billion cycles per
second. A dual-core processor running at 2 gigahertz can run a total of 4 billion cycles, i.e. 2 billion for each
processor.
 ARCHITECTURE OF MULTICORE PROCESSOR

 The architecture of multicore processor allows to make communication in between

entire available cores , and they split processing task and then assigned them
accurately.

 When all processing tasks are done then this processed data from every core is
sent backward to main board (Motherboard) of computer by using single shared
gateway. Due to this technique, to improve the entire performance of single core
processor.