PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

ON

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
SOLAR POWER PLANT
Customer Requirement Specification (CRS)

By
ARIJIT BHATTACHARYA
What is Solar energy?

Solar energy - radiant light and heat from the Sun, has been harnessed by

humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies.
Solar energy is free and clean. There is enough for everyone, and we will
never run out of it.
Solar energy is renewable. The sun will keep making energy for millions of
years. The power generated from Solar energy is called The Solar Power.
Why Solar energy?

Solar Energy is renewable and it’s a precious gift from

Nature. This has got some benefits which are given
below:

 Environmental Advantages
 Modularity and Scalability
 Flexible Locations
 No cost of Raw material procurement
 Reduced Dependence on Fossil Fuels
 Almost Zero Operating Cost
 Lesser Cost of Establishment
 Renewability or auto-replenish ability
 Energy produced can be used directly
 Clean and affordable technology
 Installation according to the requirement of user
 Reduce the emission levels hence Environment
friendly
STATISTICS FOR SOURCE OF POWER IN INDIA (2010)

Power Generation Capacity in India - by source of energy

(Total 153 GW)

8% 3% 1%
11%

Coal

53% Hydro

Gas

Renewable

24% Nuclear

Diesel

Source: Ministry of Power

Components of Solar Power:

Solar Power can be derived either of these two following systems:

1. Photovoltaic systems (PV)

2. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

Solar Photovoltaic System
 The Solar Photovoltaic System (SPV):

Photovoltaic is a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity. It was first observed in
1839 by the French scientist Becquerel who detected that when light was directed onto one side of a
simple battery cell, the current generated could be increased. In the late 1950s, the US space program
provided the impetus for the development of crystalline silicon solar cells. The first commercial
production of PV modules for terrestrial applications began in 1953 with the introduction of
automated PV production plants.

 Materials Required for Solar Photovoltaic System:

Solar Cell Solar Panel

Solar Module Solar Array

A Solar
A Solar Cell (also
Cell (also called
called a Photovoltaic
a Photovoltaic Cell)
Cell) is
is an
an electrical
electrical device
device that
that converts
converts
the
the energy of light directly into electricity by the Photovoltaic effect. It
energy of light directly into electricity by the Photovoltaic effect. It is
is a
a form
form
of photoelectric
of photoelectric cell, which, when exposed to light can generate and support an
cell, which, when exposed to light can generate and support an
electric
electric current
current without
without being
being attached
attached toto any
any external
external voltage
voltage source.
source.
Commercial
Commercial solar
solar cell
cell manufacturers
manufacturers use
use silicon
silicon nitride.
nitride.

A
A Battery
Battery for
for Solar
Solar is
is used
used for
for storing
storing the
the DC
DC power
power mainly.
mainly. In
In off-grid
off-grid Solar
Solar
Power
Power system it is important that the battery must be good in quality for back-up
system it is important that the battery must be good in quality for back-up
support
support and
and longevity
longevity ofof the
the system.
system.

An
An Inverter
Inverter is is actually
actually converts
converts the
the DC
DC (Direct
(Direct Current)
Current) to
to AC
AC (Alternate
(Alternate
Current)
Current) for household or industry consumption. There are basically two
for household or industry consumption. There are basically two types
types of
of
inverters: modified
inverters: modified sine wave and sine wave. The differences are quite small but
sine wave and sine wave. The differences are quite small but
significant
significant when
when they
they power
power certain
certain types
types of
of equipment
equipment ..

A Solar
A Solar Fuse/Switch
Fuse/Switch is is essential
essential to
to insert
insert a
a fuse
fuse between
between the
the solar
solar panel
panel and
and
battery,
battery, and again between the battery and distribution fuse box. If the current
and again between the battery and distribution fuse box. If the current
(Amps)
(Amps) inin a
a circuit
circuit is
is higher
higher than
than the
the system
system can
can cope
cope with
with overheating
overheating will
will
occur. 
occur. 
 The use of Solar Photovoltaic Technology

In Domestic Purpose In Commercial Purpose In Technology

In Telecommunication In Electricity Provider’s In Solar Farming

Domain
 How a Solar Photovoltaic System or SPV works?
Here is a diagram below to describe the flow chart of Solar Photovoltaic System & its activity.
Concentrated Solar Power
 The Concentrated Solar Power System (CSP):

Concentrated Solar Power plants produce electric power by converting the sun's energy into high-
temperature heat using various mirror or reflector configurations. The heat is then channeled through a
conventional generator. The plants consist of two parts: one that collects solar energy and converts it to
heat, and another that converts heat energy to electricity.

 Basic Technologies of CSP:-

1. Parabolic Trough 2. Solar Towers

3. Parabolic Dish 4. Linear Fresnel Reflectors

In
In Concentrated
Concentrated Solar
Solar Power
Power the
the Receiver
Receiver is is used
used to
to capture
capture the
the heat
heat reflected
reflected
from
from the dish located below it. A fluid is filled in the pipeline of the receiving
the dish located below it. A fluid is filled in the pipeline of the receiving
system
system connected
connected with
with the
the receiver.
receiver.

A
A Parabolic
Parabolic Dish
Dish is
is used
used for
for gathering
gathering all
all Sunlight
Sunlight to
to a
a single
single focal
focal point
point for
for
highest
highest point
point of
of heat
heat from
from sun.
sun.

A
A Generator
Generator first
first accumulate
accumulate the
the steam
steam spins
spins a
a large
large turbine,
turbine, which
which drives
drives a
a
generator to produce electricity.
generator to produce electricity.

A Turbine
A Turbine actually
actually works
works with
with the
the steam
steam –pressure
–pressure which
which is
is produced
produced byby the
the sun-
sun-
heat. CSP plants require steam turbines which are optimized for their complex
heat. CSP plants require steam turbines which are optimized for their complex
and
and challenging
challenging cycle
cycle conditions
conditions
 Linear Fresnel
Parabolic Trough Solar Towers Parabolic Dish Reflectors
Use reflectors
Use made
reflectors made
A circular
A circular array of
array of of
of several slices of
of several slices
The parabolic shaped
The parabolic shaped
trough heliostats
heliostats mirrors with
mirrors small
with small
Parabolic trough
Parabolic dish tracks
dish tracks the sun,
the sun,
shaped mirrors collect concentrates sunlight
concentrates sunlight curvature
curvature
shaped mirrors collect through a two axis
through a two axis
solar on to a central
on to a central approximating a
approximating a
and reflect the solar
and reflect the movement, onto
movement, a
onto a
receiver receiver mounted
receiver mounted at at parabola. Mirrors
parabola. are
Mirrors are
energy onto
energy onto receiver thermal receiver
thermal receiver
tubes positioned the top of a tower.
the top of a tower. mounted on trackers
mounted on trackers
tubes positioned mounted at
mounted at the focal
the focal
of The heliostats
The tack
heliostats tack and configured to
and configured to
along the focal line
along the focal line of point.
point.
mirrors.
parabolic mirrors. the sun
the sun on
on two axes.
two axes. reflect sunlight
reflect onto
sunlight onto
parabolic
linear
elevated linear
elevated
reflectors.
reflectors.
 The Process Flow Chart of Concentrated Solar Power

Power
Receiver or Conversion
• Collects Absorber • By absorbing the
Sunlight by heat, it is stored
through the • By heating
Mirrors &
• Receive the Solar field water, the
Reflectors
Sunlight by the piping. steam is
called Solar
Focal point. generated and
field.
hence turbine
generates
power.
Collector Storage
 How a Concentrated Solar Power System or CSP works (Technology-wise) ?

Here
Here is
is a
a diagram
diagram below
below to
to describe
describe the
the flow
flow chart
chart of
of Concentrated
Concentrated Solar
Solar Power
Power System
System &
& its
its activity.
activity.
Trust on the Green Technology

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