Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Examples: – derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin – gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach – duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum – col/ostomy = creating opening in colon
Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples: – gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach – gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach – gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach
Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples: – col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon – col/o/tomy = incision into colon – col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon
Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Two word roots with various procedures • Examples: – gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach and duodenum – gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum – gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum
Diagnostic Imaging • Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions • Imaging suffixes include: – -gram = picture or record – -graph = instrument to record image of data – -graphy = process of recording image of data
Building Words with Imaging Suffixes • Examples: – electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given off by heart – electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart – electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart
Tomography • tom/o = combining form for cut • -graphy = process of recording image of data • tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body
Imaging Combining Forms • son/o = sound • Examples: – son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves – son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves – son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography
Imaging Combining Forms • ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves • Examples: – ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected through heart – ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram – ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image
Imaging Combining Forms • radi/o = radiation or x-rays • Examples: – radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays – radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays – radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays – radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays
Word Parts for Colors leuk/o white melan/o black (dark) erythr/o red cyan/o blue chlor/o green xanth/o yellow jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood
Building Words With Color • Examples: – leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin • Also known as vitiligo – melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin – erythr/o/derma = red skin – cyan/o/derma = blue skin – xanth/o/derma = yellow skin
Building Words With Color • Examples: – melan/o/cyte = black cell – melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell – acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities – erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition
Cells • Examples: – cyt/o/logy = study of cells – cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells – cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells – cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells – cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides
White Blood Cells (WBCs) • leuk/o/cyte = WBC • Examples: – leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs – leuk/emia = condition of WBCs • Blood cancer – leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • erythr/o/cyte = RBC • Examples: – erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs – erythr/o/blast = immature RBC – erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes – erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes
Blood-Clotting Cells • thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell – Also known as platelet • Examples: – thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes – thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes
Lymphatic System • Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs • Purpose: – Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight infections • lymph/o = combining form
Lymphatic System • Examples: – lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system – lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels – acute lymph/o/cy/tic leukemia = disease involving lymphocytes
Small Intestine • Duodenum – First part of small intestine beyond stomach • duoden/o = combining form • Examples: – duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum – duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum – duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum
Heart • cardi/o and card/o = combining forms • Examples: – cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and treating heart conditions – card/itis = inflammation of heart – electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart
Enlarged • megal/o = combining form for enlarged • -megaly = suffix for enlarged • Examples: – cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by reduced supply of oxygen – megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart
Disease • -pathy = suffix meaning disease • path/o = combining form for disease • Examples: – path/o/logy = study of disease – path/o/logist = one who studies disease – eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease
Synonyms • Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning • megal/o = enlarged • -megaly = enlarged • Examples: – megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach – gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach