Pulse Code Modulation

https://youtu.be/aKl17gw_nfU
Muhamamd Naufal Islami - 180402032
USU – Medan
Indonesia
Outline
- Basics of Pulse Code Modulation
- Block Diagram of Pulse Code Modulation
- Process of Pulse Code Modulation
- Sampling
- Quantization
- Encoding
- PCM Standards
- BIT Rate and BW in PCM
- Advantages of Pulse Code Modulation
- Basics of Pulse Code Modulation
 Pulse Code Modulation is used to convert analog signal
into digital data
 In PCM 1st we do sampling to convert analog signal into
discrete signal
- Block Diagram of Pulse Code Modulation
-
Process of pulse Code Modulation
Filtering
Sampling
Quantization
Encoding
 Sampling in Pulse Code Modulation
 Analog signal is sampled after every Ts Interval
 So sampling frequency is

fs = 1/Ts
 Minimum sampling frequency

fs ≥ 2fm
 fs = 2fm is event referenced as nyquistrate
 There are three sampling method
 Ideal sampling :
 Natural sampling
 Flat top sampling
- Maximize solar panel output

Water cooler sprinkled over 2 inch pipe every

20 minutes for 20 s lasts 28.5 hours for capacity
of 66 cm in diameter and water height of 95 cm

Average rain rate for the last 10 years

achieves 2397 mm per year and average
rainy day is 213.64 days a year in the
location. (Medan-Indonesia)

In comparison: Kiev has rain falls for 138

holidayinnresorts days per year and collects up to 619mm
Conclusion
- This paper has reported the assessment of proposed water based active cooling system
- The cooler uses non cycled sprinkled water with adjusted period and duration.
- 20 minutes sprinkler period with 20 s duration results 2.087%, 11.02% and 13.56%
higher voltage, current and power compared heatsink passive cooling system.
- Less than 1.29 m3 water last 28.5 hours to water 1 m2 solar panel
- It is suggested, if rain water is used, additional water tap source may back the need.
- For large system, cycled and pumped system can be considered.

Thank you.