Paraphrasing

By Miss. HAMZA
 Definition
• Paraphrasing is a restatement
of the original information by
using your own words
• It is as long as (or longer than)
the original
 
‡
• Adequate paraphrasing
involves the changing of both
the wording of the
quote/passage and the
structure
• This has the benefit of
preventing you from
plagiarism.
 Paraphrasing vs. Summarizing
• Paraphrasing is not summarizing
• Summarizing objective is to give the
main ideas of texts in a very short
version ,
• Paraphrasing is not a short version
of the ideas but a restatement of
these ideas with different words
and phrases
 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing

• Reread the original passage

until you understand its full
meaning.
• Set the original aside, and
write your paraphrase on a
note card or piece of paper
• Your paraphrase should contain
all the essential elements.
• Check your rephrased text with
the original to make sure that
your version accurately
expresses all the essential
information in a new form.
• Use quotation marks to identify
any unique term or phrase you
have borrowed exactly from the
source.
• Record the source (including the
page) on your note card so that
you can credit it easily if you
decide to incorporate the material
into your paper
 Exercise 1
1. She eats a lot of chocolate (loves)
She…………………………………………………………
2.The last time it rained was in March
(Since)
It………………………………………………………………
3.He did his homework, then he phoned
Moira. (phoned)
When………………………………………………………
4.The post arrived 2 minutes ago
(Just)
The post………………………………
5.I’m going to study in United States
next year. (will)
This time next year……………………
6.He will finish his degree before
finding a job (finished)
By the time………………………………
7.I first met Dan in 1980 and we
are still good friends (Since)
Dan and I……………………………………
8.The train left. We arrived at
the station late. (Left)
By the time……………………………
9.Once I worked in a cinema, but not
any more.
(USED TO)
I…………………………………………
 Exercise 1 KEY
1.She loves eating a
lot of chocolate
2.It hasn’t rained since March
3.When he had done his
homework, he phoned Moira
4.The post has just arrived
5.This time next year I will be
studying in United States
6.By the time he finds a job, He
will have finished his degree
7.Dan and I have been friends since
1980
8.By the time I arrived at the station
the train had left.
9.I used to work in a cinema
 EXERCISE 2
1. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each
year, three-fourths are caused by head
injuries. Half of those killed are school-age
children. One study concluded that wearing a
bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury
by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet
absorbs the shock and cushions the head.
From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,"
Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
2. "The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our
planet, just as the sun is the source of our
heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our
climate," [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera.
"The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows
north to mix with warmer water from the
tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both
the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the
fragility of this regulating system is now
threatened by human activity." From "Captain
Cousteau," Audubon (May 1990):17.
 EXERCISE 2 KEYS
1. The use of a helmet is the key to reducing
bicycling fatalities, which are due to head
injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning
the head upon impact, a helmet can
reduce accidental injury by as much as
85%, saving the lives of hundreds of
victims annually, half of whom are school
children ("Bike Helmets" 348)
2. According to Jacques Cousteau, the
activity of people in Antarctica is
jeopardizing a delicate natural
mechanism that controls the earth's
climate. He fears that human activity
could interfere with the balance between
the sun, the source of the earth's heat,
and the important source of cold from
Antarctic waters that flow north and cool
the oceans and atmosphere ("Captain
Cousteau" 17).