CHEMISTRY

ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC : APPLICATION IN INDUSTRY AND
ENVIRONMENT
Group 11 Course: Chemistry I

Section 39 Lecturer: Dr.Razali

 Lim Lee Sin

 
AMMONIA()
APPLICATION OF AMMONIA
IN INDUSTRY
 How can we draw it?
To achieve noble
gas
configuration(8 Calculate the
number of bonds Connect the
electrons)
LEWIS Nitrogen:5
3
electrons(Nitrog
Nitrogen with 3
hydrogen with
STRUCTURE
valence single bond
electrons(need 3 en)+3 electrons(3
Hydrogen)=6 *Every single
electrons) bond=2 electrons
electrons
Hydrogen:1
valance 6 electrons/2=3
electron(need 1 bonds
electron)

Now, we only
Add a lone pair
to the central have 6 electrons
and we need 2
Nitrogen atom
more to get to 8.

 Molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal

Bond angle:
Hybridization of the central Nitrogen:
 01
Ammonia is colorless.

CHEMICAL OR 02
PHYSICAL Ammonia has alkaline properties.

PROPERTIES OF
AMMONIA 03
Ammonia has a pungent smell.

 
04
Ammonia gas dissolves easily in water to form
ammonium hydroxide(OH)which is a weak base.
 APPLICATION 1
FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
o PRODUCE AMMONIUM
NITRATE; FERTILIZER FOR
GROWING PLANTS
THE USES o TO SUSTAIN FOOD PRODUCTION
o TO INCREASE LEVEL OF
OF
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
AMMONIA
APPLICATION 2
PETROLUEM INDUSTRY
o TO NEUTRALISE ACIDIC COMPONENTS
OF CRUDE OIL(EG:NAPHTHENIC ACID)
o FOR PROTECTION OF EQUIPMENT FROM
CORROSION

APPLICATION 3
RUBBER INDUSTRY
o FOR STABILIZATION OF NATURAL AND
SYNTHETIC LATEX
o HYDROXIDE IONS FROM AMMONIA
NEUTRALISE HYDROGEN IONS
PRODUCED BY LACTIC ACID
INTRODUCTI
ON What is Sulphuric Acid?

• a strong acid and used in large quantities as an

industrial and laboratory reagent.
• known as oil of vitriol
•  molecular formula H2S04
• colorless, odorless and viscous liquid
• Sulphuric acid is prepared industrially either by
the contact process or the chamber process. 

Nyam Yi Mei
 Molecular geometry of H2SO4 Lewis Structure of
H2SO4
-Molecular geometry of sulphuric acid is tetrahedral
geometry.
-The bond of H2SO4 between the sulfur and the 4
oxygen atoms is 109.5 degrees while hydrogen and
oxygen form a linear bond with an angle of 180
degrees.
-The hybridization of the central sulphur is sp³.
 Application of sulphuric acid
in environment
Potato harvesting
Potato farmers spray their fields of
potatoes, with a solution of sulphuric acid,
before harvesting. This helps to dry out
stem and prevents them from becoming
tangled in harvesting equipment.
Production of synthetic fertilizers
Sulphuric acid is widely used in the
industrial production of synthetic
fertilizers like ammonium sulphate.This
chemical is an organic salt that is rich in
nitrogen and sulphur, making it ideal as a
soil fertilizer.
 chemical manufacturing industries
Application of
sulphuric acid in As a highly important chemical compound,
sulphuric acid is used in the manufacturing
industry process of a number of well- known
chemicals

Processing metals Other application of sulphuric acid

Sulphuric acid is very useful in processing • It is used in petroleum refining industries
metals, such as during cleaning and • It is used as an electrolyte in the lead-acid
electroplating processes. This step is crucial in batteries 
preventing rust or the oxidation of iron or steel • It is used in storage batteries
USES OF SULPHURIC
ACID
● Chart
Others
24%

Paints,pigm
Pulp,paper
ents Phosphate
Hydrofluoric
[PERCENT fertilizers
acid
AGE] 50%
[PERCENT
[PERCENT
AGE]
AGE]
Fibres
[PERCENT
AGE]
Metal
Processin Phosphate
g 6%
10%
 Winki Wong
Jia Xuan

APPLICATION
APPLICATIONOF
OFCHLORINE
CHLORINEIN
IN
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
 Winki Wong
Jia Xuan WHAT IS CHLORINE ?

1. Chlorine is a chemical element which with

the symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
2. Its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
3. The atomic mass for chlorine is about
35.453 u.
4. Group 17 element is usually known as the
halogens.
5. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room
temperature.
6. There are many uses of chlorine in various
aspect.
LEWIS STRUCTURE OF Cl2

1. The electron configuration for chlorine is [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵. When they
need to form chlorine molecule, each chlorine atoms needs one more
electron to achieve stable octet electron arrangement. Therefore, they
share one of the electron with one another.

2. From the diagram we can also know that :

• There is a Van De Waals force between chlorine molecules
• This is non polar bond because both are chlorine atoms
• This is non polar molecule too as it symmetrical shape (linear)
 MERCURY CELL
01 ELECTROLYSIS

DIAPHRAGM CELL
02 ELECTROLYSIS

HOW TO MEMBRANE CELL

OBTAIN 03 ELECTROLYSIS

CHLORIN
04 OTHERS ELECTROLYSIS
E
 WHEN AND WHERE DO WE USE
CHLORINE ? IS THE CHLORINE ADDED IN
DRINKING WATER DANGEROUS ?
• add the chlorine into the public water
supplied. • The government had limit the amount of
• To kill disease-causing pathogens chlorine in drinking water to a level that are
such as bacterial and viruses safe to human consumption.
• Chlorine are added at the final stage
of the water treatment.

APPLICATION OF CHLORINE
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
WHAT
HAPPEN • Chemical equation : Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + HCl
TO CHLORINE • HOCl is hypochlorous acid is a weak acid as well as the bleaching agent
WHILE IT • In the water treatment, hypochlorous acid is used to oxidizing and disinfectant
ADDED agent.
• HCl is the strong acid compare to hypochlorous acid
INTO THE • Due to it is a strong pH reducer so it act as the emulsion breaker in water treatment.
WATER ?
 Hafiz Bin
Muhammad
Ruzaini Baking Soda

Chemical
How It’s Made Uses
Properties
Where do we get Is it an acid or a base? What can it be
baking soda from? Does it dissolve in
water ? used for ?
How It’s Made
Two methods of
 Also known as Sodium bicarbonate.
 Exists as crystalline that appears as producing baking
white powder. soda
Chemical
Mining Manufacturing

Dried up lakes Solvay process

“Trona ore” is brought to Involves sodium chloride , carbon

the surface dioxide and ammonia.

Dissolved underground using hot brine Produces calcium chloride as byproduct

Processed to obtain baking soda More widely used

 Lewis Structure

Solubility
Properties of NaHCO3 Baking soda is
soluble in water
but insoluble in
ethanol

Acidic properties Melting point

Weak base with and density
average pH NaHCO3 Has melting point
value at around at around 50oC.
8-9. Density is
2.1g/cm3
 Drilling Get rid of unwanted fauna
I n dTreat
u s tdrilling
ry mud In the backyard

Sodium bicarbonate is added Baking soda can be used to

into cement-contaminated eliminate crab grass and
water mud.The bicarb reacts weeds in the garden.
wih calcium ions producing an
inert calcium precipitate.

Environment
Carbon dioxide
capture
Uses of sodium Sodium carbonate will react
bicarbonate with CO2 in the atmosphere
and produce sodium
bicarbonate, a harmless and
useful substance.
 THANKS
Does anyone have any
questions?
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
 CREDI
TS
NO. STUDENT NAME MATRIC NUMBER

1. NYAM YI MEI F21SP1396

2. LIM LEE SIN F21SP1993

3. WINKI WONG JIA XUAN F21SP1362

4. HAFIZ BIN MUHAMMAD RUZAINI F21SP1761