THE CHEMICAL

REACTION AND
EQUATIONS
Engr. Maica Mae T. Romano

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No 7

 THE CHEMICAL REACTION
• A chemical reaction is the process by which a chemical change
happens.
• Chemical Reactions form new substances by breaking and making
chemical bonds
• A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms in which some of the
original bonds are broken and new bonds are formed to give different
chemical structures.
• A chemical change is the transformation of one or more substance into
new substance with new properties

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL REACTION
A chemical reaction can be detected by one of the following evidences:
• Change of color
• Formation of a solid
• Formation of a gas
• Exchange of heat with surroundings

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL REACTION

• Some chemical reaction absorb

energy, such as in the chemical
reaction that cook food.

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL REACTION

• Other chemical reaction release

energy in a form of heat, light
and/or sound, such as burning
of wood in campfire

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL REACTION

• Other chemical reaction happen

slowly, such as the formation of
rust on metals

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTION
Synthesis
• a new compound is formed
by the combination of simpler
reactants
• Smog formed when nitrogen
and oxygen combine
• N2 +2O2 > 2 NO2

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTION
Decomposition
• A reactant breaks down into
simpler products (reverse of
synthesis)
• Water can be decomposed
into hydrogen and oxygen
• 2 H2O > 2H2 +O2

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTION
Combustion
• One reactant is always
oxygen and another reactant
often contains carbon and
hydrogen
• Burning of methane
• CH4 + 2O2 > CO2 +2H2O

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL EQUATION

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
• A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical
reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant
entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the
right-hand side.
• In chemical equations, the number of atoms of each element in the
reactants must be the same as the number of atoms of each element in
the products.

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
• A chemical equation uses either words or symbols and formulas to
descried the changes that occurs during a chemical reaction.

Example:
Word equation : Formula equation:
Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas > Water H2 +02 > 2H20

Note : the 2 in front of formula for water is called a coefficient.

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
The masses of reactant and product are equal.
• Law of conservation of mass: states that in a chemical reaction
atoms are neither created nor destroyed. (Antoine Lavoisier)
• All atoms present in the reactants are also present in the products

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
Every chemical equation must have:
• One or more reactants.
• One or more products
• An arrow directing reactant to product
• if there are more than one reactants or products, the chemical
name/formula are separated by a “ + “ sign.

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 PARTS OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Reactants Products
• present at the beginning of the • the substances formed by the
reaction chemical reaction

Example burning natural gas.

CH4 + 2O2 > CO2 +2H2O

Reactants > Products

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
• CH4 + O2 > CO2 + H2O
• Balanced? No
• Reactants: C=1, H=4, O=2
• Products: C=1, H=2, O=3
• H and O not equal
• Use coefficients to balance
equations
• CH4 + 2O2 > CO2 + 2H2O
• C=1, H=4, O=4 > C=1, H= 4,
O=4
• Equation is now balanced!

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT
• A chemical reaction in which one element is substituted for another
element in a compound, generating a new element and a new
compound as products. these reactions, a more reactive element
replaces a less reactive element in a compound.
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
• A double-replacement reaction occurs when parts of two ionic
compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds. A
characteristic of a double-replacement equation is that there are two
compounds as reactants and two different compounds as products.

CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7

 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT
• In these reactions, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive
element in a compound.

A + BC  B + AC
CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT
• In these reactions, two compounds combine to form two new
compounds.

AB + CD  AD + BC
CHEM THE CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS Week No. 7