Name: Elle Necole Quimada Chem104Lecture Assignment 2

Date: November 28, 2021 Section: CE1D/CHEM104

1. Determining the Empirical Formula from Percentage Composition (General)

Benzoic acid is a white, crystalline powder used as a food preservative. The compound contains 68.8%
C, 5.0% H, and 26.2% O, by mass. What is its empirical formula?

Required:

 Empirical formula of Benzoic Acid

Given:

 68.8 % C
 5.0 % H
 26.2 % O

Solution:

Of the 100.0 g of Benzoic Acid, 68.8g is C, 5.0 g is H, 26.2 is O. Convert these amounts into moles.

mol C mol H mol O

1 mol C 1 mol H 1 mol O

¿ 68.7 g C × ¿ 5.0 g H × ¿ 26.2 g O ×
12.01 g C 1.01 g H 16.0 g O

¿ 5.729 mol C ¿ 4.95 mol H ¿ 1.638 mol O

5.729mol 4.95 mol 1.638 mol
C= =3.5 H= =3.0 O= =1.0
1.638 mol 1.638 mol 1.638 mol

Each will be multiplied by 2 to be an integer. Thus, the empirical formula is C7H6O2 (C ¿ ¿ 7 H 6 O 2 ). ¿

2. Determining the Molecular Formula from Percentage Composition and Molecular Mass

The percentage composition of acetaldehyde is 54.5% C, 9.2% H, and 36.3% O, and its molecular mass is
44 amu. Obtain the molecular formula of acetaldehyde.

Required:

 Molecular formula of Acetaldehyde.

Given:

 54.5 % C
 9.2 % H
 36.3 % O
 44 amu(acetaldehyde)

Solution:

Of the 100.0g of acetaldehyde, 54.5 g is C, 9.2g is H, 36.3g is O. Convert these amounts into moles.

mol C mol H mol O

1 mol C 1 mol H 1 mol O

¿ 54.5 g C × ¿ 9.2 g H × ¿ 36.3 g O ×
12.01 g C 1.01 g H 16.0 g O

¿ 4.54 mol C ¿ 9.11 mol H ¿ 2.29 mol O

4.54 mol 9.11 mol 2.29 mol

C= =1.98 H= =3.98 O= =1.0
2.29 mol 2.29 mol 2.29 mol

Each will be multiplied by 2 to be an integer. Thus, the empirical formula is C2H4O (C ¿ ¿ 2 H 4 O)¿ . Its
molar mass is 44.05 amu.

molecular mass 44.00 amu

n= = =0.99∨1.00
empirical formula mass 44.05

The molecular formula of acetaldehyde is C2H4O (C ¿ ¿ 2 H 4 O)¿ .

3. Relating the Quantity of Reactant to Quantity of Product

Sodium is a soft, reactive metal that instantly reacts with water to give hydrogen gas and a solution of
sodium hydroxide, NaOH. How many grams of sodium metal are needed to give 7.81 g of hydrogen by
this reaction? (Remember to write the balanced equation first.)

Na+ H 2 O=H ( g ) + NaOH

1 mol H 1 mol Na 22.99 g Na

7.81 g H × =7.732 mol H × =7.732 mol Na × =177.76 g Na
1.01 g H 1 mol H 1 mol Na

4. Relating the Quantities of Two Reactants (or Two Products)

Sphalerite is a zinc sulfide (ZnS) mineral and an important commercial source of zinc metal. The first
step in the processing of the ore consists of heating the sulfide with oxygen to give zinc oxide, ZnO, and
sulfur dioxide, SO2. How many kilo grams of oxygen gas combine with 5.00 x 10 3 g of zinc sulfide in this
reaction? (You must first write the balanced chemical equation.)

ZnO+3 S O=ZnS+2 S O 2

1 mol ZnS 1 mol O 16.00 g O 1 kg

5.00 ×103 × =51.31mol ZnS × =51.31 mol O× =821 g O × =0.821× 103 k
97.45 g Zn S 1 mol Zn S 1mol O 1000 g

5. Calculating with a Limiting Reactant (Involving Moles)

Aluminum chloride, AlCl3, is used as a catalyst in various industrial reactions. It is prepared from
hydrogen chloride gas and aluminum metal shavings.

2Al(s) + 6HCl(g) → 2AlCl3(s) + 3H2(g)

Suppose a reaction vessel contains 0.15 mol Al and 0.35 mol HCl. How many moles of AlCl 3 can be
prepared from this mixture?

Solution:

2 mol AlC l 3
0.15 mol Al × =0.15 mol AlC l 3
2 mol Al
2 mol AlC l 3
0.35 mol H C l× =0.117 mol AlC l 3
6 mol HC l
Since HCl isthe limiting reactant , the amount of H 2 produced must be 0.117 mol .
6. Calculating with a Limiting Reactant (Involving Masses)

In an experiment, 7.36 g of zinc was heated with 6.45 g of sulfur. Assume that these substances react
according to the equation

8Zn + S8 → 8ZnS

What amount of zinc sulfide was produced?

Solution:

1 mol Zn 8 mol ZnS

7.36 mol Zn× × =0.113 mol ZnS
65.39 mol Zn 8 mol Zn

1 mol S 8 mol ZnS

6.45 mol S × × =1.61 mol ZnS
32.06 g mol S 1 mol S

Since Zinc is the limitingreactant , an amount of 0.113 mol ZnS was produced .

Convert to grams:

97.45 g ZnS
0.113 mol ZnS × =11.0 g ZnS
1 mol ZnS