12- ABM A

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
PANTUA, MARISTEL M.
Pre-Service Teacher
LESSON 7
CHEMICAL
REACTION
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Define common types of chemical reaction;

• Investigate changes in matter and the relationship of these

changes to the processes in the environment and its
importance to human life; and

• Demonstrate how chemical reaction takes place in common

household products.
EVERYTHING IS MATTER
MATTER Chemistry
 Chemical changes
began when people
began experimenting
with chemical
reactions in a
systematic way and
organizing their
results logically.
PHYSICAL VS CHEMICAL CHANGE
Physical Change

A physical change alters the form

of an object without changing
what type of matter it is.

Changes to size and shape are

physical changes.
PHYSICAL VS CHEMICAL CHANGE
Chemical Change

Chemical changes occur when

atoms link together in new ways
to create substances different
from the original substance.

This produces a chemical reaction.

EVIDENCES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
Chemical Properties

Chemical properties of a substance

describe the interactions of the
substance with other substances,
or its tendency to react.

This helps biochemists to

understand the complex reactions
that take place in living organisms.
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Metals are generally described as having the following characteristics or
properties:

• Metallic luster
• Good conductors of heat and
electricity
• Somewhat soft, and not
brittle.
• Ductile
• Malleable
• Tarnishable
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Nonmetals are generally described as having the following characteristics

• Dull (not shiny)

• Not good conductors of
heat and electricity
• Brittle
• Not ductile and malleable
 SPOTTINGT CHEMICAL CHANGE

• A change in color
• A tarnish is formed
• A release of gas
• A precipitate is formed
• The release of energy
Chemical Change

Flammability Color change Reaction

 COLLISION THEORY

Collision theory is the

chemical reactions occur at
different speeds, may be at
fast or slowly rates. The
collision theory will help us
to understand why chemical
reactions takes place at
different speeds.
COLLISION THEORY

Flammability is a chemical
property. It describes a
substances ability to burn or
catch on fire. The speed of a
chemical reaction is affected
by the particle size of the
reactant.
 COLLISION THEORY

Corrosion is when metals

combine with nonmetals
from the environment.
Corrosiveness is a chemical
property. Iron corrodes by
rusting.
COLLISION THEORY

Boiling point is the

temperature at which a
substance boils. As the
temperature increases, the
rate of the chemical reaction
is also increased.
 COLLISION THEORY

Freezing point is the

temperature at which a
substance freezes.
Substances change from a
liquid to a solid at their
freezing point
THE CATALYST

A catalyst is a substance that

increases the rate of a
chemical reaction without
itself undergoing any
permanent chemical change.
 THE CATALYST

A reactant is the original substance at the beginning of

chemical reaction.

A product is the substance you are left with at the end of a

chemical reaction.
THE CATALYST
 REACTION RATE

How does catalyst affects the rate of a reaction?

Catalysts affect the rate of a reaction by providing an

alternate pathway for the reaction to occur. The alternate
pathway has a lower activation energy than the normal
pathway, which allows the reaction to occur more
quickly and reach equilibrium.
 REACTION RATE

Vinegar =
Vinegar = acetic
acetic acid,
acid,
baking soda=
baking soda= sodium
sodium
bicarbonate.
bicarbonate.
When mixing
When mixing together
together
hydrogen ions
hydrogen ions in
in the
the
vinegar react
vinegar react with
with the
the
sodium and
sodium and bicarbonate
bicarbonate
ions in
ions in the
the baking
baking soda.
soda.
 REACTION RATE

Acid on metals have

reactions that are
catalyzed by both
acids and bases.
ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

1. Precipitation-
A precipitation
reaction is one in
which dissolved
substances react
to form one (or
more) solid
products.
 ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
SOLUBILITY is defined as the maximum concentration of a
substance that can be achieved under specified conditions.

Substances with relatively large solubilities are said to be SOLUBLE

A substance will PRECIPITATE when solution conditions are such

that its concentration exceeds its solubility.

Substances with relatively low solubilities are said to be INSOLUBLE,

and these are the substances that readily precipitate from solution.
ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

2. Acid-base
Is one in which a
hydrogen ion, H+ is
transferred from one
chemical species to
another.
ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
An ACID is a substance that A BASE is a substance that will
will dissolve in water to yield dissolve in water to yield
hydronium ions. hydroxide ions.
 ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

3. Oxidation-
reduction
The term oxidation
was originally used
to describe
chemical reactions
involving O2
ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
OXIDATION REDUCTION
Is the loss of electrons Is the gain of electrons
REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed in any chemical or physical
process. It can be converted from one
form to another. Conservation of energy
means that the total change of energy in
any system is always equal to the total
energy transferred into or out of the
system.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
 Law of Conservation of Mass states that when 2 or more substances
are mixed together, the total weight is always equal to the weight of
the original substances.

20g raisins + 20g M&Ms + 20g pretzels = 60g mixture

1. Combination (or Composition) symbolized by A + B . . . → AB .

2. Decomposition symbolized by AB → A + B + . . .

3. (Single) Displacement symbolized by A + BC → B + AC

4. Double Displacement (or Metathesis) symbolized by AB + CD → AD +

CB

5. Rearrangement symbolized by ABCD → BDCA . . .

6. Mixed-Type reaction. This is a catch-all category which includes

reactions which do not easily fit the symbolic patterns of categories (1)
through (5).
1. Combination
1 N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
2. Decomposition
2 KCIO3 → 2KCI + 3 O2
3. Single Displacement
2 F2 + 2NaCl → 2 Na + 2F2Cl

4. Double Displacement
1 FeCl3 + 3 NaOH → 1 Fe (OH)3 + 3 NaCl
ENERGY INVOVED IN A REACTION

ENERGY
FORMS OF ENERGY
Energy is defined as the “ability to do
work, which is the ability to exert a force
causing displacement of an object
ENTHALPY CHANGE
The enthalpy change of a Endothermic reactions are
reaction is a measure of the those that absorb heat, while
amount of energy that is exothermic reactions are those
transferred between the that release heat which
system and the constitute with the 2nd Law of
surroundings Thermodynamics
2 ND Law of Thermodynamics
When energy is changed from one form to
another, some useful energy is always
degraded to lower quality less useful energy
usually heat lost to the environment

We end up with lower quality or less-usable

energy than we started with (second law of
thermodynamics)
• Whenever energy is changed
from one form to another, we end
up with lower- quality or less
usable energy than we started
with (second law of
thermodynamics).
Chemical Change/ Reaction

It is the tendency of a substance to

change into another substance. When a
substance is converted into a new
substance. All properties and
characteristics will change!
 How does
transformation
of matter
happens?
Add or Subtract Energy

When energy is added, particles move faster!

Add or Subtract Energy

When energy is added, particles move faster!

REMEMBER
 Solid + Energy
When energy is added to solids,
they become liquids
 Liquid + Energy
If the temperature rises enough,
the liquid becomes a gas or reacts
with chemicals in the environment.
 LET’S RECAP

WHAT ARE THE TWO FORMS OF CHANGES?

Physical and Chemical Change

 LET’S RECAP
HOW DOES CHEMICAL CHANGE OCCUR?

Chemical changes occur when atoms link

together in new ways to create substances
different from the original substance. This
produces a chemical reaction.
 LET’S RECAP
WHAT ARE THE INDICATION OF CHEMICAL CHANGE?

A change in color, a tarnish is formed, a

release of gas, a precipitate is formed, the
release of energy.
 LET’S RECAP
WHAT DOES A CHEMICAL REACTION NEED IN ORDER
FOR IT TO HAPPEN?

Energy
 LET’S RECAP
WHAT DOES LAW OF CONSERVATION MASS STATES?”

The law states that no energy is

created or destroyed.
 Why is chemical
reaction important to the
daily processes in the
environment and daily
living of humans?
 ASSIGNMENT

Make a poster on a product (such as fuels, household products,

or personal care products) that undergone chemical change. In
the poster indicate its uses, properties or ingredients, mode of
action, and precautions. Use the rubric below as a guide for
scoring.
ASSIGNMENT
 That’s a wrap
THANK YOU!