CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Apply the principles of conservation of

mass to chemical reactions.
( S10MT-IVe-g-23)
Chemical Change and Reactions

Evidences of Chemical
Occurs when bonds are
Reactions:
broken down and/or
1. Production of Light
formed between
2. Evolution of gas
molecules or atoms.
3. Temperature Change
4. Change in intrinsic
One substance with
properties(color, odor.
certain set of properties
Etc.)
is turned into a different
5. Formation of
substance with
precipitate
difference in properties.
THEORIES OF PRODUCTION OF FIRE
Phlogiston Theory

By George Ernst Stahl

in the 17th century.

When a material burns,

it releases a substance
known as phlogiston.
THEORIES OF PRODUCTION OF FIRE
Theory of Oxidation

By Antoine Lavoiser

A material accurately
burns as it reacts (uses)
with oxygen.

For burning to occur, 3

factors should be
present in proper
conditions and
proportions: Fuel,
Oxygen, and Heat.
Chemical Change and Reactions

Is the process in which

one or more substances
are changed into new
substances.

It can be expressed in a
shorter way in a form of
chemical equations.
REACTANTS Substances that are present
in the beginning (left hand
side) of the chemical
equation
AND

Substances present at the

end (right hand side) of the
PRODUCTS chemical equation.

Flour +Butter +Sugar +Baking

Soda +Eggs +Chocolate Chips Cookies
WRITING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
A chemist’s short hand for a chemical
reaction

Ex: When sulfur dioxide is added to oxygen,

sulfur trioxide is produced.

𝟐𝐒𝐎𝟐 𝐠 + 𝟏𝑶𝟐 𝟐𝐒𝐎𝟑 𝐠

Reactants Products
COMMONLY USED SYMBOLS IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
ACTIVITY Part of a Whole
Ex: Hydrogen gas (H2 ) reacts with oxygen gas (O2 ) to produce
water (H2 O).

1. Iron reacts with copper sulfate

(CuSO4 ) and forms iron II sulfate FeSO4 and copper
2. Magnesium combines with Oxygen gas (O2 ) to produce
magnesium oxide (MgO).
3. Methane gas (CH4 ) reacts with oxygen gas produces water
and carbon dioxide.
4. Acetic Acid (CH3 COOH) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 )
produce sodium acetate (NaC2 H3 O2 ) with the release of
carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water.
5. Copper sulfate CuSO4 reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
to produce insoluble copper (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2 ) and sodium
sulfate (Na2 SO4 ).
REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS
Item Reactants Products
1

CHEMICAL EQUATION
Item Chemical Equation
1
2
Types of
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Balancing
Chemical equations
Apply the principles of conservation of
mass to chemical reactions.
( S10MT-IVe-g-23)
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
The mass of the products in a chemical reaction must
equal the mass of the reactants.

For a chemical reaction to conform to the Law of

Conservation of Mass, it has to be balanced.
Type of Chemical Reaction
COMBINATION OR SYNTHESIS REACTION

Ex:
𝟐𝐌𝐠 𝐬 + 𝑶𝟐 (𝐠) 𝟐𝐌𝐠𝐎 𝐬

𝐂𝐚𝐎 𝐬 + 𝑯𝟐 𝐎(𝐥) 𝐂𝐚(𝐎𝐇) 𝟐 𝐚𝐪

Metal oxide+ water hydroxide
Type of Chemical Reaction
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

When an oxide is heated, generally oxygen is given off as

one of the products.

𝟐𝐇𝐠𝐎 𝐬 𝟐𝐇𝐠 𝐥 + 𝑶𝟐 (𝒈)

When hydrates are heated, the water is driven off, leaving
the anhydrous salt.

𝐂𝐮𝐒𝐎𝟒 ∗ 𝟓𝐇𝟐 𝑶 𝐂𝐮𝐒𝐎𝟒 𝐬 + 𝟓𝑯𝟐 𝑶𝒈

Type of Chemical Reaction
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT(REPLACEMENT)RXN

𝐙𝐧 𝐬 + 𝐅𝐞𝑺𝑶𝟒(𝒂𝒒)
𝐙𝐧𝑺𝑶𝟒(𝒂𝒒) + 𝐅𝐞 𝐬
Type of Chemical Reaction
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT(REPLACEMENT)RXN

𝐅𝟐 𝐠 + 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍(𝒂𝒒)
𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑭(𝒂𝒒) + 𝑪𝒍𝟐(𝒂𝒒)
Type of Chemical Reaction
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT (METHATHESIS) RXN

A salt and a base

𝐂𝐚(𝐍𝐎𝟑 ) 2(aq)+𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯(𝒂𝒒) 𝟐𝐍𝐚𝐍𝐎 𝟑 𝐚𝐪 + 𝑪𝒂(𝑶𝑯)𝟐(𝒂𝒒)

Metal carbonate and an acid

𝐌𝐠𝐂𝐎𝟑(𝐬) + 𝟐𝑯𝑪𝒍(𝒂𝒒) 𝐌𝐠𝐂𝐥𝟐 𝐚𝐪 + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍)
Type of Chemical Reaction
COMBUSTION (BURNING) REACTION

𝟐𝐂𝟒 𝑯𝟏𝟎(𝒈) + 𝟏𝟑𝑶𝟐(𝒈) 𝟖𝐂𝐎𝟐 𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝑯𝟐 𝑶𝒈

Type of Chemical Reaction
ACID-BASE REACTION

𝟐𝑯𝑪𝒍(𝒂𝒒) + 𝑴𝒈(𝑶𝑯)𝟐(𝑺) 𝐌𝐠𝐂𝐥 𝟐 𝐚𝐪 + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶𝒍

GENERAL RULES IN BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

 To balance a chemical equation, the atoms of both the

elements and molecules on the reactant and product
side must be equal to each other.

Example:
𝟐𝐇𝟐 𝐬 + 𝑶𝟐 (𝐠) 𝟐𝐇𝟐𝑶(𝒍)
 Chemical equations are balanced by placing the
appropriate coefficients before the symbols or
formulas of reactants and products.
GENERAL RULES IN BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
1. Since no atoms can be gained, lost, or changed in
identity during a chemical reaction, the same number
of atoms of each element must be represented on
each side of the chemical equation.

2. Only coefficients are to be changed; the subscripts

cannot be changed.

3. The final set of coefficients should be in whole

numbers and should be the smallest whole numbers
possible.
STEPS IN BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS