UNIT 3 TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES.

CHEMICAL REACTION: REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL EQUATIONS.
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.
MATERIAL AND RAW MATERIAL.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT.

1. PHISYCAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes When a substance changes its state of matter or appearance, but
is chemically identical for example all changes in state or the solutions.
Chemical changes When a substance changes its chemical nature, in other words,
chemical changes. After the nature of matter they also known as chemical reactions.
For example: If you burn a piece of paper you are doing a chemical reaction.

2. THE CHEMICAL REACTION: REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Chemical changes are known as chemical reactions. In a chemical, reactions,
reactants are transformed in to products. Reactants are initial substances, and the
substances obtained are products.
Chemical equations
Reactants Productstt
A chemical equation consists of two parts connected by on arrow, which indicates in
which direction the reaction is produced to the left of the arrow there are the
reactants and to the right of the arrow, the products. A chemical equations use
symbols to explain a chemical reaction in a chemical formula.
C4H10 + O2 CO2 + H2O
C + O2 CO2

3. THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

According to law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a
chemical reaction in other word so, the mass of the reagents may be equal to the
mass of products.
The capital letters represent the chemical substances and the lower case letters
represent their stoichiometric coefficients. That are number in feint of the chemical
formula and feel us how many molecules there are if this number is she, it is not
written.
The chemical equation is balanced when has the same number and type of atoms at
the beginning as the end of the reaction. Example: Cl2 + H2 + 2HCl Balanced
4. MATERIAL AND RAW MATERIAL
A natural resource is matter or substances found in the nature that people use to
improve their wellbeing.
Some of the most important natural resources are water, earth, solar energy, wood,
oil and minerals.
Natural resources are classified according to their capacity to renew themselves:
- Renewable resource: is replaced naturally in a short period of time for example:
solar energy.
- No renewable resource: is used U.P Faster than in can be replaced in nature or
cannot be replaced at all. For example: oil, it takes millions of years to be
replaced.
Raw material is a resource that is transformed to obtain processed materials. And
examples is oil that is used in the production, of fuels, plastic and pharmaceutical
goods.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

The destruction of the ozone layer. The ozone layer (O3) is in the stratosphere and
shelties everything bellow from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The are
compounds that remain in the atmosphere for a long time and in contact with sprays
they berm noun ozone and the chorine continues destroying ozone.
The greenhouse effect.
The carbondioxido (CO2) is one of the main gasses responsible to increase the
greenhouse effect because increase the temperature of the earth, so the global
warning of our playacting have cuts rachic consequences. The earth its own
greenhouse effect thanks to the atmosphere.
Acid rain.
Acid rain is the phenomena of rain water carrying very corrosive acids, such as suffer
acid (Al2 SO4) and nitric acid (H NO3). The acid are formed when SO2, no and NO2 react
with water (H2O) in the atmosphere when this water precipices rain, we call it “Acid
rain” it destroys plants and animals in the environment.