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gold, but no one managed to do that. This was called alchemy. After 1600, using the scientific
method alchemists became chemists. Chemists separated the air into many parts and isolated
the noble gases from it. They also processed special minerals from a mine in Sweden to get rare
earth metals. Radioactivity was also discovered. Today chemists have discovered 118 different
elements. Some are very common, like oxygen. Many are very rare and expensive, like platinum.
Some cannot be found on earth and can only be made in labs, like rutherfordium.
Since the 1920s, the increased understanding of physics has changed
chemists' theories about chemical reactions. With smaller and faster computers, chemists have
built better tools for analyzing substances. These tools have been sent to study chemicals
on Mars. Police also use those tools to study evidence from crime scenes.
This chemist is wearing safety glasses, a lab coat and gloves. He is looking at a rock from the moon.
Many chemicals are harmless, but there are some chemicals that are dangerous. For
example, mercury(II) chloride is very toxic. Chromates can cause cancer. Tin(II) chloride pollutes
water easily. Hydrochloric acid can cause bad burns. Some chemicals like hydrogen can explode
or catch fire. To stay safe, chemists experiment with chemicals in a chemical lab. They use
special equipment and clothing to do reactions and keep the chemicals contained. The chemicals
used in drugs and in things like bleach have been tested to make sure they are safe if used
correctly.
Related pages[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related
to Chemistry.
Periodic table
List of common elements
Common chemical apparatus
Laboratory techniques
Chemical techniques
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