DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODIC TABLE

PRESENTED BY: GROUP 4

 Although elements such as gold, silver, tin,
copper, lead and mercury have been known
since earliest times, the first scientific discovery
of an element occured around 1669.
HENNIG BRAND (1669)
• A German merchant and an amatuer alchemist
• Attempted to create a Philosopher's Stone; an
object that supposedly could turn metals into
pure gold.
• He heated residues from boiled urine, and a
liquid dropped out and burst into flames.
• This was the first discovery of PHOSPHORUS.
1809
• At least 47 elements were discovered, and
scientist began to see patterns in the
characteristics.
ALEXANDRE-EMILE BÉGUYER de
CHANCOURTOIS (1862)
• A French geologist
• Plotted the atomic weights of elements on
paper tape and wound them, spiral like, around
a cylinder.
• The design put similar elements onto
corresponding points above and below one
another.
• He called his model the TELLURIC HELIX or
SCREW.
 JOHN NEWLANDS (1864)
• English chemist
• He noticed that, if the elements were
arranged in order of atomic weight, there
was a periodic similarity every 7 elements.
• Proposed his 'LAW OF OCTAVES'- similar
to the octaves of music.
LOTHAR MEYER (1868)
• Compiled a periodic table of 56 elements
based on a regular repeating pattern of
physical properties such as molar volume.
• Once again, the elements were arranged in
order of increasing atomic weights.
DMITRI MENDELEEV (1869)
• Russian chemist
• He produced a periodic table based on
atomic weights but arranged 'periodically'.
• Elements with similar properties appeared
under each other.
• Gaps were left for yet to be discovered
elements.
WILLIAM RAMSAY (1894)
• He discovered the noble gases and
realised that they represented a new
group in the periodic table.
• The noble gases added further proof to the
accuracy of Mendeleev's table.
HENRY MOSELEY (1913)
• He determined the atomic number of each
of the known elements.
• He realised that, if the elements were
arranged in order of increasing atomic
number rather than atomic weight, they
gave a better fit within the 'periodic table'.
CHARLES JANET (1928)
• Amateur French scientist
• He uses mathematical patterns to
investigate the electron configuration of
elements.
• He groups elements into blocks named
after their atomic orbitals: s-block (sharp),
p-block (principal), d-block (diffuse) and f-
block (fundamental).
GLENN SEABORG (1944)
• Proposed an 'ACTINIDE HYPOTHESIS' and
published his version of the table in 1945.
• The lanthanide and actinide series form
the two rows under the periodic table of
elements.
PRESENT TIME
• The simplified periodic table of the
elements arranges the elements in order
of atomic number so that elements with
similar properties are grouped together.
• Most are metals
PERIODIC TREND