DEVELOPMENT OF

ATOM
 WHAT IS ATOM?

• Atom is the smallest unit into which matter can be

divided and still retain the characteristic properties of an
element. The word derives from the Greek atomos
(“indivisible”), and the atom was believed to be
indivisible until the early 20th century, when electrons and
the nucleus were discovered.
 WHAT IS ATOM?

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Anything

that takes up space and anything with mass is made up of
atoms.
 DEVELOPMENT OF ATOMS

• The idea of ‘atoms’ is thousands of years old. The word

comes from the ancient Greek “atomos” meaning indivisible.
• In the early 19th Century, John Dalton proposed his atomic
theory: matter came in a variety of elements, and all the
atoms of a given element were identical in mass and their
other properties.
DALTON MODEL (1803)

-john Dalton pictures atoms as tiny, indestructible

particles,with no internal structure.
THOMSON MODEL (1987)

• Thomson a british scientist,discovers the electron.the

later leads to his “plumpudding” model. He pictures
electrons embedded in a sphere of positive electrical
change.
HANTARO NAGAOKA(1904)

• (1904)hantaro nagaoka,a japanese physicist suggests

that an atom has a central nucleus. Electrons move
in orbits like the rings around saturn.
RHUDER FORD MODEL(1911)

-new zealand physicist Ernest rutherford finds that an

atom has a small, dense,positively charge
nucleus.electrons move around the nucleus.
DEVELOPMENT OF

PERIODIC TABLE
WHO FIRST DISCOVERED
THE PERIODIC TABLE?
 WHO FIRST DISCOVERED THE
PERIODIC TABLE?
• Mendeleev’s periodic table, published in 1869, was a
vertical chart that organized 63 known elements by
atomic weight. This arrangement placed elements with
similar properties into horizontal rows. The title,
translated from Russian, reads: “Draft of system of
elements: based on their atomic masses and chemical
characteristics.”
 WHAT IS PERIODIC TABLE?

• The periodic table is a system for arranging the chemical

elements. The chemical elements are the basic substances
that make up all matter. Each chemical element has a
particular feature called its atomic number. That number
comes from the amount of tiny particles called protons
in each atom of the element.
 WHAT IS PERIODIC TABLE?

• Periodic table, organizes all discovered chemical elements

in rows (called periods) and columns (called groups)
according to increasing atomic number.
SCIENTISTS WHO WORK TO CREATED
PERIODIC TABLE
 SCIENTISTS WHO WORK TO CREATED
PERIODIC TABLE
1. In 1789, French chemist 2.German physicist Johann
Antoine Lavoisier tried Wolfang Döbereiner observed
grouping the elements as similarities in physical and
chemical properties of certain
metals and nonmetals. elements. He arranged them in
groups of three in increasing
order of atomic weight and
called them triads.
SCIENTISTS WHO WORK TO CREATED
PERIODIC TABLE
3. British chemist John
Newlands was the first to
arrange the elements into a
periodic table with increasing
order of atomic masses. He
found that every eight elements
had similar properties and called
this the law of octaves.
4.In 1913, English physicist
Henry Moseley used X-rays to
measure the wavelengths of
elements and correlated these
measurements to their atomic
numbers. He then rearranged the
elements in the periodic table on
the basis of atomic numbers.
• In the periodic table, the horizontal rows are called periods,
with metals in the extreme left and nonmetals on the right.
The vertical columns, called groups, consist of elements
with similar chemical properties. The periodic table
provides information about the atomic structure of the
elements and the chemical similarities or dissimilarities
between them. Scientists use the table to study chemicals
and design experiments. It is used to develop chemicals
used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries and
batteries used in technological devices.
• UNESCO named 2019 the International Year of the Periodic
Table to mark the 150th anniversary of Mendeleev’s
publication.
In short periodic table was
created because of the addition
of atoms.
haha