INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING

Sadia Maryam
Course Goals
Fundamental concepts of Computer Science.
Parts of computers, Processor, I/O devices,
Memory Storage.
Types of Software, Basic File Management,
Databases, Data communication and
Networks, Internet, Computer Security and
Ethics.
A brief introduction of concepts of
Information System Development and
Programming Languages will be included.
Course Book
Gary B. Shelly and Misty E. Vermaat,
Discovering Computers 2011,Selly
Cashman Series, 2011
Grading
Theory
 Quizzes --------------------------15%
 Assignments-------------------- 10%
 1st Sessional -------------- 10%
 2nd Sessional ------------- -- 15%
 Final----------------------------------------------- 50%

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Quiz / Assignment 25%
◦ There will be surprise quizzes. It can be taken
at any time during Lecture/Lab, written or
computer based.
◦ Assignments will be announced with a
specific deadline. Instructions will be provided
along with the assignment statement.
Late Policy: Assignments will not be
accepted later than the deadline.

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Plagiarism Policy
Any assignment found 30% or more copied
from the internet will be marked 0 (ZERO).
Any assignment copied from the class mate will
also be marked 0 (ZERO).
◦ Both for the source and the copied one.
No consideration will be made regarding
plagiarized assignments.

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Attendance Policy
Any student late in class by 15 min shall
be marked absent.

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Contact
Office:
◦ CS Dept, 1st floor
◦ Academic Block II

Email:
sadiamaryam@comsats.edu.pk

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Why we study Computers
More impact than any other invention
◦ Changed work and leisure activities
◦ Used by all demographic groups
Computers are important because:
◦ Provide information to users
◦ Information is critical to our society
◦ Managing information is difficult
Computers and Mathematics
Computer in other fields & in Society
 Education
 Multimedia presentations in class rooms
 Online learning
 Video lectures
 Documentaries
 Sometimes computer is used as an instructor
(Robots)
 Medicine
 Analysis of X-rays, brain MRI, ultrasound
images
 Detecting fractures in bones, stones in kidneys
and tumors in abdomen.
 Advanced computer systems also help doctors
in diagnosing complicated diseases i.e. cancer,
tuberculosis, AIDS, etc…
 More advanced and complex computer systems
such as robots perform surgeries as well.
 Scheduling of patients has improved
Medicine
Medicine
 Organizations
 Computer instead of a typewriter
 Computer replaces peons, posts and fax
machines
e-mails, scanners and printers
 Computer in place of manual files

easy searching and maintenance of files

 Computer instead of a telephone

audio and video computer conversations

Organizations
 Assignment
Entertainment
Security
Defense
Libraries
Transportation
Communication
Shops
Airport
 Concluding remarks
Computers are everywhere. Computers made
our life easy and comfortable. It helps us in
performing our routine tasks as well as
complex ones.

 But how do computers perform all the

aforementioned tasks?
 In order to learn about the facilities provided
by the computer, we must learn about
computer’s internal mechanism.
Formal definition of Computer
Itis an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its memory, that
can accept data, process the data according to
the specific rules, produce results as
information, and stores results for future use.
 what is a Computer
A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information, or "data." It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

You can use a computer to type documents, send

email, play games, chat with friends, share
photos and browse the internet.
Data & Information
Data

Raw facts and figures

Meaningless
For example Ali, 23, Islamabad

Information

Processed data
Meaningful
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan.
cont …
 For example, the height of Mt. Everest is generally
considered as "data", a book on Mt. Everest
geological characteristics may be considered as
"information“.
Components of computer
All types of computers consist of two basic parts:

Hardware is any part of your computer that has

a physical structure, such as the computer monitor
or keyboard.

Software is any set of instructions that tells the

hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware
and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some
examples of software are web browsers, games, and
word processors such as Microsoft Word.
cont…

Hardware Software
How computer works
IPO Cycle (input-processing-output)
In IPO cycle, data and instructions are entered.
They are processed, stored and finally the result
is given out.
 Instructions and commands given to the
computer are called Inputs or data.
 A computer accepts, examines and calculates
the result. This is called processing.
 The result given by the computer after
processing is called output.
IPO in daily life
IPO in daily life
IPO in computer
How computer takes input ?
How computer displays output to
humans?
How computer processes the input?
The answer is …

with the help of different devices

Input devices
Storage devices
Processing devices
Output devices
 The Components of a Computer
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware

Input Device ●
● Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device Hardware component that conveys information to one or

●
●

more people

System Unit Case that contains the electronic components of the computer
●
●

that are used to process data

Storage Device ●
● Holds data, instructions, and information for future use.
Basic components
Advantages of computer
 A computer can work very fast. It has a high speed.

 A computer is an accurate machine. It can do

calculations without making any mistake. However,
when incorrect data is fed to the computer, the result we
get is also incorrect.

 A computer can store huge amount of data and

information in its storage space which is known as
memory. It has a hard-disk inside the CPU that stores
data and information.
Cont….
A computer can work continuously for hours
without getting tired.

The speed and accuracy level of a computer remain

the same, even after it works for many hours. It is
one of the most reliable machines today.

Itcan perform various types of jobs simultaneously

with the same speed and accuracy. For example, we
can play games, listen to music, or draw a picture at
the same time on a computer.
Read History of computers .