Joints

Dr. Samawiya Farooq (GCUF)

Center of Advanced Studies In Health & Technology (CASHT)
Joints functional Classification
• The functional classification of joints

1.Synarthroses: immovable joints (cranial sutures in adults, primary

cartilaginous joints in growing children).

2.Amphiarthroses: slightly movable joints (joints

between adjacent laminae of vertebrae).

3.Diarthroses: freely movable joints (synovial joints).

Functional classification (cont….)

Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses

 Structural Classification Of Joints
• The structural classification of joints

Synarthrosis
• Fibrous joints (bones held together
by dense collagen fibers)

Amphiathroses
• Cartilaginous joints (bones held
together by cartilage)

Diarthrosis
• Synovial joints (bones held together
by ligaments)
Structural classification (cont….)

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Synarthrosis
Joints (Fibrous Joints)
• Lack a synovial cavity

• The articulating bones are held very closely

together by dense irregular connective tissue

• Fibrous joints permit little or no movement

• Three types of fibrous joints

• Sutures
• Syndesmoses
• Gomphoses
Joints (Fibrous Joints)
• Sutures
• Occur only between bones of the skull

• Syndesmoses
• Permits slight movement
• Interosseous membrane
• Between the tibia and fibula in the leg

• Gomphoses
• Immovable joint
• Joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket
• Articulations of the teeth with the sockets of the
maxillae and mandible
Fibrous joints (cont….)

Sutures Syndesmoses Gomphoses

Amphiarthrosis
Joints (Cartilaginous Joints)
Amphiarthroses
• Lacks a synovial cavity
• Allows little or no movement
• Joint is tightly connected by cartilage
• Two types of cartilaginous joints
• Synchondroses
• Symphyses
Joints (Cartilaginous Joints)

• Synchondroses
• Connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage
• Epiphyseal (growth) plate to permit bone
growth

• sternocostal joint 
Joints (Cartilaginous Joints)
• Symphysis
• Slightly movable joint
• Ends of the articulating bones are covered with
hyaline cartilage, but a directly joined by
fibrocartilage in the form of discs or pads

• Pubic symphysis
• Between the anterior surfaces of the hip bones
• Intervertebral joints between the vertebrae
Diarthrosis
Joints (Synovial Joints)

Primary Structures

1. Joint Capsule
2. Joint cavity
3. Synovial tissues
4. Synovial Fluid
5. Hyaline Cartilage

• Accessory: Ligaments, Menisci, Bursa, etc

 Types of Synovial Joints

• Synovial joints are classified based on type of

movement
• Planar
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Condyloid
• Saddle
• Ball-and-socket
 Joints (Types of Synovial Joints)
• Hinge Joints

• Produce an opening and closing motion like that

of a hinged door
• Permit only flexion and extension

• Knee and elbow

• Pivot Joints

• Surface of one bone articulates with a ring

formed partly by another bone

• Joints that enable the palms to turn anteriorly and

posteriorly
• Trochoid / Rotary joints
Joints (Types of Synovial Joints)
• Planar Joints

• Primarily permit back-and-forth and

gliding movements
• Intercarpal joints

• Condyloid / Ellipsoid Joints

• The projection of one bone fits into the

oval-shaped depression of another

bone
• Wrist
 Joints (Types of Synovial Joints)
• Saddle Joints

• Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped,

and the articular surface of the other bone fits

into the “saddle”
• Thumb

• Ball-and-Socket Joints

• Ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a

cuplike depression of another bone

• Shoulder and hip
 According to plane of movements
• Uniaxial: Hinge and Pivot
• Biaxial: Condylar / ellipsoid, saddle, Planar/gliding
• Multiaxial: Ball and socket

Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial