Chemical Properties of water

Chapter 6
Remember  Cornell Notes!

Con/def/ques Nts/Ans
Observations

• Beaker 1 before:
– Write observation

• Beaker 1 after:
– Write observation

• Why???
Polarity
• What is the empirical formula for water
– H 2O

• Structural formula?
– O
H H
• H-O bond called Covalent Bond
– Atoms sharing electrons
– Very stable molecules

• Lopsided:
– O atom attracts the shared electrons to its large nucleus
– Hydrogen positives towards outside
– Like a magnet!
• Such positive and negative charged ends is called polarity and
are found in polar molecules
Polarity con’t

• Hydrogen bonds:
– Definition
– Picture (6-7 figure)

• Dipolar molecules
– Definition
– Picture (6-6)
 Effects of Hydrogen bonding
Essential to the properties of water.

2. Cohesion/Adhesion:
1. Liquid Water: • Water molecules stick
• Bonds hold together (cohesion –
molecules together sticking together)
 more energy • Gives more organized
needed to form gas. structure then most
• Draw picture (not in liquids
book!) • Also sticks to other
surfaces (adhesion –
sticking to different)
• Draw picture (not in
book!)
Effects of Hydrogen Bonding Con’t
3. Viscosity:
• Fluid (g or l) resisting flow
• Changes by temperature
• Example: oil in cool vs. hot pan
• Water: more viscosity
• Cools: viscosity rises more than other liquids  H bonds
resist heat moving molecules
• Important?:
• cool waters, high viscosity, drifting aquatic animals use less
energy to keep from sinking
• Swimming animals use more energy moving through it
• Draw Picture!
Effects con’t
4. Surface Tension:
• water’s resistance to objects attempting to
penetrate its surface
• Cohesion at surface allows for surface tension
• Large organisms: not much affect
• Small organisms: huge affect  Jesus Lizard,
boatman (water striders), plankton
• Current study: air-ocean interaction at surface. How
does surface tension affect gas exchange? Ocean’s
can absorb CO2  surface tension affects in some
way  help with climate change?
• Pollution that affects:
• Detergents/soaps: reduce hydrogen bonding, surface
tension down. How affect Jesus Lizard?
• Draw picture!
Effects Con’t
5. Floating Ice
• Most substances cool  solid  sink or heat  gas
 float
• Water is different! It does become more dense as
cool and less dense as heat but stops at a certain
point
• Hydrogen bonds cool  crystal structure  more
space than liquid water. Thus, more volume than
liquid water and less dense, so floats on top
• Important?
• Insulates water below  retain heat  remain liquid
below
• Think: More solid water, cooler climate! Thus, no life
• Draw Picture!