CIVILIAN POPULATION - WHEN DOES A

CIVILIAN CEASE TO BE PROTECTED UNDER

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW? 

ASMITA HOSSAIN
REGISTRATION NO: 18211033
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF "CIVILIANS"
02
AND "CIVILIAN POPULATION"

03 PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN
WAR

04 LOSSING PROTECTION OF
CIVILIANS IN WAR

05 CONCLUSION
01 INTRODUCTION

Before 1949 the Geneva Conventions

protected wounded, sick, shipwrecked
and captured combatants. The
“civilians’ convention” recognized the
changing nature of warfare and
established legal protection for any
person not belonging to armed forces or
armed groups.
 DEFINITION OF
02 "CIVILIANS" AND
"CIVILIAN
POPULATION"

Article 25(1) and (2) of the draft

Additional Protocol II submitted by the
ICRC
03. PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN WAR

 Direct attacks

 Acts of terror

 Indiscriminate attacks

 Human shields

 Non-reciprocity and prohibition of

attacks by way of reprisal
 03. PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN WAR
B . Ac
Articl ts of t
e c t at tack s e 51(2) e rror
A. Di r G eneva of Add
i tional
r t h Articl
o f t h e Fo u e 13(2) Protoc
ol I
es 159 nvention. o f Ad
Articl Co
dition
al Pro
tocol I
I

E. Non-reciprocity and prohibition of attacks by

way of reprisal

Geneva Conventions, common Article 1

C. Indis
crimina
te attac . H um an shields
k s D n, Artic
le
Article
51(4) o e v a C o nventio
f Addit en
Protoc ional Third G 23
ol I.
04. LOSSING PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN WAR

A. Participation in hostilities

B. Levée en masse
DIRECT PATRICIPATION LEVÉE EN MASSE
IN HOSTILITY
1. Common Article 3 of the 1949
Geneva Conventions THIRD GENEVA
2. Article 51(3) of the 1977 CONVENTION , ARTICLE
Additional Protocol I 4
3. Article 51(3) of the 1977
Additional Protocol I
 05. CONCLUSION

IHL provides that civilians under the power of enemy forces must be
treated humanely in all circumstances, without any adverse distinction.
They must be protected against all forms of violence and degrading
treatment, including murder and torture. Moreover, in case of
prosecution, they are entitled to a fair trial affording all essential judicial
guarantees.
THANK YOU