Fundamental Mathematics For Computing

Solving Equations
 Topic & Structure of the lesson
 Solving linear equations
 Solving simultaneous equations
 System of quadratic equations
 Solving quadratic functions
 Solving linear inequalities
 Solving quadratic inequalities

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 Learning Outcomes

 At the end of this topic, You should be able to:

 Solve simple linear equation, simultaneous equations
and linear inequalities.
 Solve quadratic equations and inequalities.

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 Solving Linear Equation


• Analytic
  (algebraic) techniques:
 It involves manipulating the given equation
algebraically.
 Solving simultaneous equation by using Elimination &
Substitution method for (eg: x and y).

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 Solving Linear Equation


• Solution
  of Linear equation in one unknown:
 An equation which contain one or more linear
algebraic term.
 Example:
 The values of the unknown are the roots of equation.
 There is only one root in a linear equation
 it involves manipulating the given equation
algebraically.

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 Example:

Solve
•   the following equations:

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 Simultaneous Equations:
Linear Equation

• Steps
  of Elimination Method:
1) Multiply each equation by a suitable number so that the
two equations have the same leading coefficient.
2) Subtract the second equation from the first.
3) Find the solution for one variable.
4) Substitute the solution into equation 1 or 2 to find the
solution for another variable.

 Example: Given that and , find the value of x and y by

using elimination method.

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 Example:

Solve
•   the following equations by using elimination method:
1) and
2) and
3) and

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 Simultaneous Equations:
Linear Equation

• Steps
  of Substitution Method:
1) Simplify one of the equations for either x = or y =
2) Substitute the solution from step 1 into the other
equation.
3) Solve this new equation.
4) Solve for the second variable.

 Example: S and , by using substitution method.

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 Example:

Solve
•   the following equations by using substitution method:
1) and
2) and
3) and

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 Solving Quadratic Equation


• System
  of Quadratic Equations
 A quadratic equation can always be put into a general
form,
 Where a, b and c can take any numeric values.

 Analytic (algebraic) techniques

 by factorisation
 by quadratic formula,

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 Simultaneous Equations:
Quadratic Equation

• Steps
  of Factorisation Method:
1) Simplify the equation into the quadratic general form,
2) Identify the value of a, b and c correctly.
3) Use scientific calculator to enter the value:
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 Example: Solve by using factorization method.

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 Simultaneous Equations:
Quadratic Equation

• Steps
  of Quadratic Formula:
1) Simplify the equation into the quadratic general form,
2) Identify the value of a, b and c correctly.
3) Substitute into the formula, and solve

 Example: Solve by using Quadratic Formula.

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 Example:

1)
•   Solve the following by using factorisation:

2) Solve the following by using quadratic formula:

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 Solving Inequalities

 Sometimes we need to solve inequalities such as:

Symbol Words Example

greater than
less than
greater than or equal to
less than or equal to

 Solving inequalities are similar with how we solve the

normal equations, but we have to pay attention to the
direction of the inequality.

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 Solving Inequalities


• These
  things DO NOT AFFECT the direction of
inequality:
 Add or subtract a number from both sides.
 Multiply or divide both sides by a positive number.
 Example:

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 Solving Inequalities


• But
  these things DO CHANGE the direction of
inequality (“<“ becomes “>”).
 Multiply or divide both sides by a negative number.
 Swapping left and right hand sides.
 Example: , swap left and right hand side
become .
 Example:

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 Example:

Solve
•   the following equations:

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 Properties of Inequalities:
1)
•  If and , then
 Example: and , then

2) If and is any number, then

 Example: and , then

3) If and is any number, then

 Example: and , then

4) If and , then
 Example: and , then

5) If and , then
 Example: and , then

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 Properties of Inequalities:
•6)  If , then
 Example: then

7) If , then
 Example: then

8) If and , then
 Example: and , then

9) If and , then
 Example: and , then

10) If and , then

 Example: then

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 Solving Quadratic Inequalities:
Graphical Methods
STEP
•   1: Determine the values of to find out whether the
graph of is a parabola.

STEP 2: Solve the equation to find the points of

intersection of the graph with the x-axis.

STEP 3: Mark the points obtained in STEP 2 on the x-axis

and draw a parabola passing through the points.

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 Solving Quadratic Inequalities:
Graphical Method
STEP
•   4: Find the range of values of which satisfies the
quadratic inequality

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 Example:

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 Example:

Solve
•   the following inequalities by using graphical method:

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 Solving Quadratic Inequalities:
Analytical Method

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 Quick Review Question

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 Question and Answer Session

Q&A

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 What we will cover next

Indices & Logarithms

Fundamental Mathematics for Computing Integration