OM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

VANTA VACHHODA

Subject : EME

Subject code:2110006

Internal energy of steam

BRANCH: MECHANICAL

GUIDE- MR.Neelesh Gupta

• INTRODUCTION

• DEFINITION

• INTERNAL LATENT HEAT

• MEASUREMENT OF DRYNESS FRACTION

• UNDERSTAND AND CONSTUCTION OF SEPARATING

CALORIMETER
 The enthalpy of the total heat energy of a dry saturated steam
at a given pressure will be equal to the sum of the sensible heat,
latent heat and external work for evaporation.

But the heat energy of external work of evaporation of is not

present in the steam as it has been spent In doing external work.

The actual energy possessed in the steam comprises of only

the sensible heat and latent heat.

This actual energy stored in the steam is called internal energy.

Internal Energy of Steam

It is defined as the difference between the

enthalpy of steam and external work of
evaporation.

It is obtained by subtracting the external

work of evaporation from the enthalpy and is
denoted by u
 Internal Energy of Dry Steam:
ug = hg - pvg kj/kg
 Internal Energy of wet Steam:
u= hf + xhfg - pxvg kj/kg
 Internal energy of superheated steam:
usup = hsup - pvsup kj/kg
 It is the algebraic difference between the
enthalpy of evaporation at given pressure and
work of evaporation.

Internal latent heat = hfg - pv

where,
hfg = enthalpy of evaporation at given pressure in kj/kg
p = pressure of steam Pa
v = specific volume of steam(dry, wet or super heated), m3/kg
 There are four methods of determining the
dryness fraction of steam.

 Bucket or Barrel calorimeter

 Throttling calorimeter

 Separating calorimeter

 Combined separating and throttling calorimeter

 This calorimeter show in figure is used for
measuring dryness fraction of very wet steam.
This calorimeter works on principal of separating
the water particles from a sample of steam and
finding their mass fraction in the sample.
 Separating calorimeter consist of inner chamber and
other chamber. Perforated tray is provided at the top of
inner chamber. Due to inertia of water droplet, wet steam
is separated droplet is collected in inner chamber while
steam is condensed in barrel calorimeter. Control valve
and sampling tube performs same function as that in
barrel calorimeter.
 The steam is supplied to the calorimeter from the
main steam pipe through a sampling tube. Entering
steam strikes against the perforated tray in the inner
vessel of calorimeter. By centrifugal force and inertia of
droplets, the water particles are separated from steam
and they are collected in inner chamber. Dry steam
passes through the annular space between inner and
outer vessel. The steam is condensed in barrel
calorimeter. The quantity of steam condensed can
measured by a weighing and quantity of water droplet
separated can be measured from scale.
Let
mw = Mass of water collected in inner chamber,
in kg
ms = mass steam condensed in barrel calorimeter,
in kg
x = Dryness fraction
As per definition of dryness fraction,

:> x= ms/ms + mw
 This calorimeter gives only approximate
value of dryness fraction.
Elements of Mechanical Engineering
(Books India Publication)
H.G KATARIYA,
J.P.HADIYA,
S.M BHATT