Boiler

Draught
 Boiler

 A boiler or steam generator is a closed vessel in

which water under pressure, is converted into
steam.
 Boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is
heated.
 The fluid does not necessarily boil.
 The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in
various processes or heating applications.
 E.g. water heating, central heating, boiler-based power
generation, cooking, and sanitation.
Boiler :-
 Boilers Are Of Two Types :-

 According to what flows in the TUBE :-

1) Fire tube boiler

2) Water tube boiler
Fire Tube Boiler :-
Water Tube Boiler :-
 Boiler Draught :-

 The draught is one of the most essential systems

of thermal power plant which supplies required
quantity of air for combustion and removes the
burnt products from the system
 To move the air through the fuel bed and to
produce a flow of hot gases through the boiler,
economizer, preheater and chimney require a
difference of pressure.

 This difference of pressure for to maintaining the

constant flow of air and discharging the gases
through the chimney to atmosphere is known as
DRAUGHT.
 Types Of Draught :-

 Natural Draught
 Artificial Draught
 Natural Draught :-
 The Draught required for the flow of air & gas
inside the boiler is created by Chimney
 Itdoes not require any external power for
producing the draught.
 The capital investment is less.
 It has long life.
Limitations Of Natural Draught :-

 Pressure :- maximum is 15 – 20 mm of water under normal

atmospheric Temp.
 The draught decreases with increase in outside air
temperature and for producing sufficient draught.
 The flue gases have to be discharged at comparatively
high temperatures resulting in the loss of overall plant
efficiency. And thus maximum utilization of Heat is not
possible.
 Combution is very poor.
 Artificial Draught :-
 Because of insufficient head and lack of
flexibility, The use of natural draught is limited to
small capacity boilers only.
 The draught required in actual power plant is
sufficiently high (300 mm of water) and to meet
high draught requirements, some other system
must be used which are known as artificial
draught.
 Classification of Artificial
Draught :-

1.Forced
2.Induced
3.Balanced
 Advantages over natural
draught :-
 It is better in control and more economical than natural draught.
 The rate of combustion is high.
 The air flow can be regulated according to the requirement.
 It prevents the formation of smoke as complete combustion is
possible

Limitations of Artificial
Draught :-
 The major disadvantage of the artificial draught is the
high capital cost required and high running and
maintenance costs.
Importance :-

 For the proper and the optimized heat transfer from the
flue gases to the boiler tubes draft holds a relatively high
amount of significance.
 The combustion rate of the flue gases and the amount of
heat transfer to the boiler are both dependent on the
movement and motion of the flue gases.
 A boiler equipped with a combustion chamber which has a
strong current of air (draft) through the fuel bed will
increase the rate of combustion.
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