DHCP Protocol Principles

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Foreword
 An enterprise network may often consist of a substantial number of host devices, e
ach requiring network parameters in the form of IP addressing and additional net
work configuration information. Manual allocation is often a tedious and inaccurat
e business which can lead to many end stations facing address duplication or failur
e to reach services necessary for smooth network operation. DHCP is an applicatio
n layer protocol that is designed to automate the process of providing such config
uration information to clients within a TCP/IP network. DHCP therefore aids in ens
uring correct addressing is allocated, and reduces the burden on administration fo
r all enterprise networks. This section introduces the application of DHCP within th
e enterprise network.

age 2 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives
 Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:
 Describe the function of DHCP in the enterprise network.
 Explain the leasing process of DHCP.
 Configure DHCP pools for address leasing.

age 3 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Application In The Enterprise Network

Request IP Address

Host A Switch
Assign IP Address

DHCP Server

Request IP Address

Host B

 Networks comprising of a large number of users requires a central management sy

stem for IP address allocation.

age 4 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Address Allocation Mechanisms
DHCP Server

Server Management Users

Manual:192.168.1.1/24 Auto:192.168.1.8/24 Dynamic:192.168.1.10/24
-192.168.1.252/24

 DHCP supports three mechanisms for IP address allocation.

age 5 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Messages

Message Types Function

DHCP DISCOVER Client broadcast used to locate available DHCP servers.
Server responds to DHCPDISCOVER with an offer of
DHCP OFFER
configuration parameters.
Client message to servers, either (a) requesting offered
parameters from one server and implicitly declining
offers from all others, (b) confirming the correctness of
DHCP REQUEST
previously allocated address after, e.g., system reboot,
or (c) extending the lease on a particular network
address.
Server confirmation sent to the client with
DHCP ACK configuration parameters, including committed
network address.
Server indicates to the client that client's requested
DHCP NAK
network address cannot be assigned.
Client relinquishes the network address to the server
DHCP RELEASE
age 6 and
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. cancels
All rights the remaining lease.
reserved.
 Address Pools

Host B

Host A DHCP Server

10.1.1.254/24 1
/ 0/
G0
G0/0/0

Pool2(global)
10.2.2.0/24

Pool Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.1.1.0/24

 Address pools can be either global or interface based.

age 7 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Address Acquisition

Host A DHCP Server

DHCP Discover (Broadcast) ①

DHCP Offer (Unicast) ②

DHCP Request (Broadcast) ③

DHCP ACK (Unicast) ④

age 8 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Lease Renewal

Host A DHCP Server

DHCP Request (Unicast) ①

50% of lease
period remains

DHCP ACK ②

 DHCP initiates an IP lease renewal process when a lease period of 50% remains.

age 9 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Rebinding Expiry

Host A DHCP Server

DHCP Request (Unicast) ①

50% of lease
period remains

12.5% of lease DHCP Request (Broadcast) ②

period remains

DHCP ACK/NAK ③

 Rebinding will occur if the lease is not renewed in time.

age 10 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 IP Address Release

Host A DHCP Server

DHCP Release

 DHCP will result in the release of an IP address if the client fails to renew th
e IP address before the lease expiry.

age 11 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Interface Pool Configuration

G0/0/0

10.1.1.1/24

Host A DHCP Server

[Huawei]dhcp enable
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server dns-list 10.1.1.2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server excluded-ip-address
10.1.1.2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server lease day 3

age 12 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Configuration Validation
[Huawei]display ip pool interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Pool-name : GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Pool-No : 0
Lease : 3 Days 0 Hours 0 Minutes
Domain-name : huawei.com
DNS-Server0 : 10.1.1.2
NBNS-Server0 : -
Netbios-type : -
Position : Interface Status : Unlocked
Gateway-0 : 10.1.1.1
Mask : 255.255.255.0
VPN instance : --
----------------------------------------------------------------
Start End Total Used Idle(Expired) Conflict Disable
----------------------------------------------------------------
10.1.1.1 10.1.1.254 253 1 251(0) 0 1

age 13 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Global Pool Configuration

G0/0/1

10.2.2.1/24

Host B DHCP Server

[Huawei]dhcp enable
[Huawei]ip pool pool2
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[Huawei-ip-pool-pool2]network 10.2.2.0 mask 24
[Huawei-ip-pool-pool2]gateway-list 10.2.2.1
[Huawei-ip-pool-pool2]lease day 1
[Huawei-ip-pool-pool2]quit
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select global
 Establishment of an address pool and associated parameters is implemented
on the DHCP server.

age 14 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 DHCP Configuration Validation

[Huawei]display ip pool
-------------------------------------------------------------
Pool-name : pool2
Pool-No : 0
Position : Local Status : Unlocked
Gateway-0 : 10.2.2.1
Mask : 255.255.255.0
VPN instance : --
IP address Statistic
Total :253
Used :1 Idle :252
Expired :0 Conflict :0 Disable :0

age 15 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Summary
 Which IP addresses should generally be excluded from the address pool?
 What is the default IP address lease period?

age 16 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thank You
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