Starter

Indices and Roots

In your notebooks, work out the following:

a) 6² d) √49
b) 4³ e) √121
c) 54 f) ³√64

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Starter

In your notebooks, work out the following:

a) 6² = 36 d) √49 =7
b) 4³ = 64e) √121 = 11
c) 54 = 625
f) ³√64 =4

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Indices
 Indices

• Use vocabulary relating to index numbers

• Know two special rules relating to index numbers

• Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of indices

Keywords

Index Simplify Roots Power

Use vocabulary relating to index numbers

• A power (or index number or exponent) is a

useful way of writing repeated multiplication

• 73 = 7 x 7 x 7

power (or index

number or exponent)
 

base
Use vocabulary relating to index numbers

• A power (or index number or exponent) is a

useful way of writing repeated multiplication

• 73 = 7 x 7 x 7

• 95 = 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9
power (or index
number or exponent)

5
base
9
Use vocabulary relating to index numbers

• A power (or index number or exponent) is a

useful way of writing repeated multiplication

• 73 = 7 x 7 x 7

• 95 = 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9
power (or index
• a2 = a x a number or exponent)

2
base
a
Use vocabulary relating to index numbers

• The plural of index number is indices

 
 

indices
 
Know two special rules relating to index numbers

5¹ = 5 32¹ = 32 (-8)¹ = -8
• There are some rules (or laws) for combining expressions involving
indices
• Special rule 1:
• Any number to the power of 1 is the same as the original number

1,000,000¹ = 1,000,000
12¹ = 12 44¹ = 44
0.4¹ = 0.4
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Know two special rules relating to index numbers

• There are some rules (or laws) for combining expressions

involving indices
• Special rule 2:
• Any number to the power of 0 is equal to 1

19⁰ = 1 6⁰ = 1 35⁰ = 1
0.61⁰ = 1 (-13)⁰ = 1
1,000,000⁰ = 1 41⁰ = 1

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 1: multiplying numbers in index form

Example 1: Simplify 83 x 84

=8x8x8 x 8x8x8x8

= 87

This only works for numbers with the same base

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 1: multiplying numbers in index form

Example 2: Simplify 52 x 54

= 5x5 x 5x5x5x5

= 56

This only works for numbers with the same base

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 1: multiplying numbers in index form

83 x 84 = 8 7 52 x 54 = 5 6

Is there a quicker way of doing this?

ADD THE POWERS

When you multiply powers with the same base number,

you add the indices together

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 2: dividing numbers in index form

Example 2: Simplify 25 ÷ 22

2x2x2x2x2
= 2x2

= 23

This only works for numbers with the same base

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 2: dividing numbers in index form

Example 2: Simplify 36 ÷ 34

3x3x3x3x3x3
= 3x3x3x3

= 32

This only works for numbers with the same base

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 2: dividing numbers in index form

2 5 ÷ 22 = 23 3 6 ÷ 34 = 3 2

Is there a quicker way of doing this?

SUBTRACT THE POWERS

When you divide powers with the same base number, you subtract the
indices together

 
Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 3: indices in brackets

Example 1: Simplify (35)3

=3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3

= 315

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 3: indices in brackets

Example 2: Simplify (a3)2

=axaxaxaxaxa

= a6

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Law 3: indices in brackets

(35)3 = 315 (a3)2 = a6

Is there a quicker way of doing this?

MULTIPLY THE POWERS

When you have indices in brackets, you multiply

the two indices together

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of indices

• Complete (link Week 3 Resources):

• Week 3 MAT - Learn/quiz Indices

• from the Learning Platform

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Plenary

• According to one astronomer, there

are one hundred thousand million
galaxies in the universe, each
containing one hundred thousand
million stars

• As a power of 10, how many stars is

that altogether?

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Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws of
indices

Plenary

• One hundred thousand million is 100

000 000 000

• = 1011 galaxies

• There are the same number of stars in

each galaxy

• So altogether there are 1011 x 1011

stars

• = 1011 x 1011 = 1022

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 Indices

By the end of this week’s lessons you should be able to:

1. Use vocabulary relating to index numbers

2. Know two special rules relating to index numbers
3. Simplify expressions by applying the first three laws
of indices

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LESSON COMPLETE
SEE YOU NEXT LESSON!