GROUP 9

• Banada, Lorenz
• Amayag, Ian
• Baldonado, Austin Philip
• Cariaga, Erick
• Casta, Wendell
• Dosono, Sheen Rica
• Julaton, Andrew
“VEHICLE’S
“VEHICLE’S CRASH
CRASH PROTECTION
PROTECTION AND
AND ENERGY
ENERGY ABSORPTION”
ABSORPTION”

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INTRODUCTION
1. Motor Vehicle Safety

The history of car safety started upon the recording

of the earliest automobile fatality which happened
on August 31, 1869 in a town in Ireland.

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• The history of car safety probably started after
the first recorded automobile fatality was
recorded.
• The accident happened on August 31, 1869 in a
town in Ireland where a woman lost her life.
• This event probably triggered the awareness and
the need for vehicle and road safety to protect not
only vehicle drivers but also pedestrians.

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• In 1891, James William Lambert was involved in
the first automobile accident in American history

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• The accident occurred in Ohio City, Ohio.
Lambert's vehicle, the first single-cylinder
gasoline automobile, which was carrying
Lambert and James Swoveland, hit a tree root,
causing the car to careen out of control and
smash into a hitching post. Injuries from this
accident were minor.

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2. Two types of safety system
1. Passive Safety
2. Active Safety

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Crash protection and Crash avoidance

• Vehicle engineering improvements for safety

have been achieved by modifying the vehicle to
help the driver or rider avoid a crash and by
modifying the vehicle to provide protection
against injury in the event of a crash for those
inside and outside the vehicle.

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1.Crash protection or secondary safety or passive
safety
• Protection in the event of a crash e.g. seat belts,
airbags, front and side impact protection
2.Crash avoidance or primary safety or active
safety
• Devices to avoid a crash e.g. daytime running
light etc

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Daytime running lights
• A daytime running lamp (DRL, also daytime running light)
is an automotive lighting and bicycle lighting device on the
front of a roadgoing motor vehicle or bicycle,[1]
automatically switched on when the vehicle is in drive,
emitting white, yellow, or amber light. Their job isn't to
help the driver see the road but to help other road users
see the vehicle

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• And so…
• The term active and passive are simple but
importan terms in the world of automotive
safety. Active safety is used to refer to
technology assisting in the prevention of a crash
and passive safety to componentsof a vehicle
(primarily airbags,seatbelts,and the physical
structure of the vehicle) that help to protect
occupants during crash
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Crash protection priorities vary with car speed
when crash occurs:
• at speeds up to 15 km/h, the main goal is to
minimize repair costs;
• at speeds between 15 and 40 km/h, first aim is to
protect pedestrians;
• at speed over 40 km/h, the most important
concern is to guarantee occupant protection.

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How does crash protection work?

• Vehicle crash protection aims to keep the

consequence of a crash to a minimum. For car
occupants, this means:  
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• Keeping the occupant in the vehicle
• Ensuring that the passenger compartment does not
collapse
• Controlling the deceleration of the car
So reducing the risk of:
• An unrestrained occupant being ejected from a car so
increasing the risk of fatal injury
• Occupant contact with a poorly designed car interior
or intruding object
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3. Vehicle's Energy Absorption

Bumper system

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 Bumper system
• Bumper system is one of the main structures
which protect cars from the front and rear
collisions.
• A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated
with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle,
to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally
minimizing repair costs.

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 Pedestrian safety
• Bumpers are increasingly being designed to
mitigate injury to pedestrians struck by cars,
such as through the use of bumper covers made
of flexible materials. Front bumpers, especially,
have been lowered and made of softer
materials, such as foams and crushable plastics,
to reduce the severity of impact on legs.

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