ME 205 Workshop practice

II
Part III

Dr. Shubhajit Das

Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT Arunachal Pradesh
Contents
• Power Transmission
• Back geared headstock
• All geared headstock
• Calculations of spindle speeds
• Arithmetic Progression (AP)
• Geometric Progression (GP)
Constructional features of a Center Lathe
Constructional features of a Center Lathe
Directions in lathe
 Power Transmission
• The main power is provided by the spindle motor in most machine tools.

• From this source, with a standard speed, the power need to be transmitted
to run the spindle at different speeds and also provide feeds as required for
different machining situations.

• Speeds and feeds used during a machining operation have a great effect on
the tool lives and machining performance.

• The machine tool needs to provide large variety of speeds and feeds to
cater to the diverse range of materials that are being cut.
 Headstock
• The main function of headstock is to transmit power to the different parts of a
lathe.
• It comprises of the headstock casting to accommodate all the parts within it
including gear train arrangement.
• The main spindle is adjusted in it, which possesses live centre to which the
work can be attached.
• It supports the work and revolves with the work, fitted into the main spindle
of the headstock.
• The cone pulley is also attached with this arrangement, which is used to get
various spindle speed through electric motor.
• The back gear arrangement is used for obtaining a wide range of slower
speeds.
Step cone pulley drive
Back geared headstock: Gear
arrangement

Back gears are mounted on

eccentric shaft and used to reduce
speed.

There are two ways to obtain

variation in speed:

Direct speed
In-direct speed
Back gears on the eccentric shaft
Types of gears and spur gear
Complete arrangement of headstock
All geared headstock
 Spindle speeds
• The choice of the range of speeds that needs to be provided will depend
upon the range of cutting speeds to be obtained along with the range of
diameters of work pieces that need to be cut.
• When considering the design of the power transmission system, it is
important to take the following elements into consideration:
(i) Maximum spindle speed required (Nmax)
(ii) Minimum spindle speed required (Nmin)
(iii) Total number of speeds (n)
(iv) The number of stages

The speed range (Nr) is defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum

spindle speeds to be used.
Cutting speed and spindle speed
Typical ray diagram of spindle speed
• Rather than selecting the individual cutting speeds between the
maximum and minimum speeds arbitrarily, they are chosen following
any one of the progressions such as arithmetic progression, geometric
progression or logarithmic progression.
Arithmetic Progression (AP)
Geometric Progression (GP)