DNA & RNA

STUCTURE
K JANUARTHA P PINATIH
DEPT. OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC/PROGNOSTIC
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC/PROGNOSTIC
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
GENE TESTING

Last year, the 38-year-old actress

had a double mastectomy and re
constructive surgery
after being told she had an 87
percent risk of breast cancer
because she carries the BRCA1
gene.
DNA FINGERPRINTING IN FORENSIC
MEDICINE :

1974
DNA FINGERPRINTING IN FORENSIC MEDICINE :

2002
DNA : THE MOLECULE OF LIFE

HUMAN DNA :
± 3 BILLION BASE PAIRS
± 30.000 GENES
± 2 METERS LONG
NUCLEIC ACID

2 TYPES :
• DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
• RIBO NUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
 Polymer of nucleotides  Polynucleotides
NUCLEOTIDE

• Sugar
• Nitrogen bases
• Phosphate group

NITROGEN BASES
 DNA
 Double strand
 Nitrogen Bases :
 Purine (Adenine = A & Guanine = G)
 Pyrimidine (Cytosine = C & Thymine =T)
 Base pairing : A-T, G-C
 Sugar: Deoxyribose
 Template for :
 Replication
 Transcription
DNA
STRUCTURE
• Direction : 5’  3’ ; ANTI PARALEL
• COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING : A-T, G-C
 RNA
 Single strand
 Found all over the cell (nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes and
the soluble part of the cytoplasm)
 Nitrogen Bases :
 Purine (Adenine = A & Guanine = G)
 Pyrimidine (Cytosine = C & Uracil =U)
 Base pairing : A-U, G-C
 Sugar: Ribose
 Involved in protein synthesis
In all, there are three differences between RNA
and DNA

RNA DNA
1. Ribose sugar Deoxyribose sugar

2. Uracil as a base Thymine as a base

GCAU GCAT
3. Single strand Double strand
 RNA Types
 3 RNAs
 mRNA (messenger RNA)
 < 5%
 contain CODON
 tRNA (transfer RNA)
 15%
 contain ANTI-CODON
 rRNA 80
 ribosomal structure
 rRNA
 Coiled
 Fairly stable
 Found in ribosomes
 Made as subunits in the nucleolus
 rRNA provides the platform for protein
synthesis
 Helps read mRNAs message and
assemble proteins
 mRNA
 mRNA provides the plan for the
polypeptide chain
 A series of three adjacent bases in an
mRNA molecule codes for a specific amino
acid—called a codon.
GENETIC CODE (CODON)
Carried by mRNA
 tRNA
 tRNA “translates” the message
on the mRNA into a polypeptide Amino acid
chain
 Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides that
are complementary to the codon
in mRNA anti codon
 Each tRNA codes for a different
amino acid at least 61
different forms. Anticodon
DNA to PROTEIN

DNA (GEN)
ATGTTACAAAAAAGGGGCCACTCA

Transkripsi

mRNA
AUGUUACAAAAAAGGGGCCACUCA

Translasi

PROTEIN
Met-Leu-Glu-Lys-Arg-Gly-His-Ser