GEAR

METROLOGY
 INTRODUCTION
A gear or more correctly a "gear wheel“
is a rotating machine part having cut
teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another
toothed part in order to transmit torque.
Two or more gears working in tandem are
called a transmission and can produce a
mechanical advantage through a gear ratio
and thus may be considered a simple machine.
Geared devices can change the speed, magnitude,
and direction of a power source
GEAR TERMINOLOGY
 GEAR TERMINOLOGY
Addendum - Addendum is radial or the perpendicular
distance that is measured between the tip of the teeth and
pitch circle.
Dedendum - Dedendum refers to the perpendicular or
radial distance covered between a pitch circle and the tooth
space's bottom portion.
Circular Pitch - Circular Pitch means the distance along
the pitch circle or a pitch line, in between corresponding
profiles of teeth that are placed adjacently.
3.14 × d
Pc = T
Pitch, Circular - It is the distance measured on the
circumference of a pitch circle between the
corresponding points of teeth that are placed adjacently.
Pitch Circle - It is the circle via which the pitch point
have its center on axis of a gear.
Face Width - Face width is the length of a teeth in an
axial plane.
Fillet Curve - Fillet curve refers to a tooth profile's
concave portion, where it is able to join the bottom of a
tooth space.
Clearance – The radial distance between top of tooth &
bottom of tooth space in the mating gears.

Root Circle - The circle comprising the
bottom of tooth spaces.
Whole Depth (total depth) - It is the radial
distance between an outside circle and a root
circle.
 Working Depth - It is the extent of greatest
depth to which a tooth of a gear can move into the
tooth space of the mating gear
Root Circle - The circle comprising the bottom of
tooth spaces.
 Circular Thickness - Circular thickness is the
length of an arc on a pitch circle that is in between
the two sides of the gear tooth
 Types of gears
SPUR GEARS

HELICAL GEARS

BEVEL GEARS

RACK AND PINION

 SPUR GEARS
Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the
simplest type of gear.
They consist of a cylinder or disk with the
teeth projecting radially, and although they
are not straight-sided in form, the edge of
each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to
the axis of rotation.
 These gears can be meshed together
correctly only if they are fitted to parallel
shafts.
 HELICAL GEARS
In this gears, the teeth are cut at an angle with
axis of gear, forming the part around the gear.
This gears are used for transmitting the power
between parallel shafts ,non parallel or non
intersecting shaft.
These are stronger and quicker in operation as
compared to spur gears.
These gears run more smoothly and quietly at
high speed than spur gears.
 BEVEL GEARS
A bevel geavertices must occupy the samr is shaped
like a right circular cone with most of its tip cut off.
When two bevel gears mesh their imaginary e point.
Their shaft axes also intersect at this point, forming an
arbitrary non-straight angle between the shafts.
 The angle between the shafts can be anything except
zero or 180 degrees.
Bevel gears with equal numbers of teeth and shaft axes
at 90 degrees are called miter gears.
 RACK AND PINION
A rack is a toothed bar or rod that can be
thought of as a sector gear with an infinitely
large radius of curvature.
Rack gears are straight spur gear with
infinite radius.
Pinion is small spur gear.
Torque can be converted to linear force by
meshing a rack with a pinion: the pinion
turns; the rack moves in a straight line.
Applications of gears